muscular system Flashcards
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal muscle:
- Pulls on skeletal bones
- Voluntary contraction
Cardiac muscle:
- Pushes blood through arteries and veins
- Rhythmic contractions
Smooth muscle:
- Pushes fluids and solids along the digestive tract, for example
-Involuntary contraction
what are the muscle tissues four basic properties?
- Excitability:
- The ability to respond to stimuli
Contractility:
- The ability to shorten and exert a pull or tension
Extensibility:
- The ability to continue to contract over a range of resting lengths
Elasticity:
- The ability to rebound toward its original length
what are the functions of the skeletal muscles?
- Produce skeletal movement:
- Pull on tendons to move the bones - Maintain posture and body position:
- Stabilize the joints to aid in posture - Support soft tissue:
- Support the weight of the visceral organs - Regulate entering and exiting of material
- Voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and urination
-Encircles orifices of the digestive and urinary tracts
- Maintain body temperature
- Some of the energy used for contraction is converted to heat
what is the gross anatomy of the muscular system?
- Overall organization of muscles
- Connective tissue associated with muscles
- Nerves associated with muscles
- Blood vessels associated with muscles
define the epimysium
- dense tissue that surrounds the entire muscle
perimysium
- dense tissue that divides the muscle into parallel compartments of fascicles
define endomysium
- dense tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
what are the function of myosatellite cells
- repair damaged muscle tissue
what converges to form tendons?
- Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
what connects a bone and muscles?
- tendons
what connects muscles to other muscles?
- Aponeuroses thick, flattened sheets that connect a muscle to a muscle
define Sarcoplasm
- The cytosol of the muscle cell
- Skeletal muscle fiber (same thing as a muscle cell)
- Can be 30–40 cm in length
- Multinucleate (each muscle cell has hundreds of nuclei)
- Nuclei are located just deep to the sarcolemma
Within microanatomy define sarcolemma?
- Membrane that surrounds the muscle cell
define myoblasts?
- embryonic cells that from skeletal muscle fiber
what are myosatellite cell?
- Myoblasts that do not form skeletal muscle fibers
- Differentiate to assist in repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers