muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Skeletal muscle​:
    - Pulls on skeletal bones​
    - Voluntary contraction​

Cardiac muscle​:
- Pushes blood through arteries and veins​
- Rhythmic contractions​

Smooth muscle​:
- Pushes fluids and solids along the digestive tract, for example​
-Involuntary contraction​

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2
Q

what are the muscle tissues four basic properties?

A
  • Excitability​:
    - The ability to respond to stimuli​

Contractility​:
- The ability to shorten and exert a pull or tension​

Extensibility: ​
- The ability to continue to contract over a range of resting lengths​

Elasticity: ​
- The ability to rebound toward its original length​

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3
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal muscles?

A
  • Produce skeletal movement​:
    - Pull on tendons to move the bones​
  • Maintain posture and body position​:
    - Stabilize the joints to aid in posture​
  • Support soft tissue​:
    - Support the weight of the visceral organs​
  • Regulate entering and exiting of material​
    - Voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and urination​

-Encircles orifices of the digestive and urinary tracts​

  • Maintain body temperature​
    - Some of the energy used for contraction is converted to heat​
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4
Q

what is the gross anatomy of the muscular system?

A
  • Overall organization of muscles​
  • Connective tissue associated with muscles​
  • Nerves associated with muscles​
  • Blood vessels associated with muscles​
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5
Q

define the epimysium

A
  • dense tissue that surrounds the entire muscle
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6
Q

perimysium

A
  • dense tissue that divides the muscle into parallel compartments of fascicles
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7
Q

define endomysium

A
  • dense tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
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8
Q

what are the function of myosatellite cells

A
  • repair damaged muscle tissue​
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9
Q

what converges to form tendons?

A
  • Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
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10
Q

what connects a bone and muscles?

A
  • tendons
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11
Q

what connects muscles to other muscles?

A
  • Aponeuroses thick, flattened sheets that connect a muscle to a muscle​
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12
Q

define Sarcoplasm

A
  • The cytosol of the muscle cell​
  • Skeletal muscle fiber (same thing as a muscle cell)​
  • Can be 30–40 cm in length​
  • Multinucleate (each muscle cell has hundreds of nuclei)​
  • Nuclei are located just deep to the sarcolemma​
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12
Q

Within microanatomy define sarcolemma?

A
  • Membrane that surrounds the muscle cell​
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13
Q

define myoblasts?

A
  • embryonic cells that from skeletal muscle fiber
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13
Q

what are myosatellite cell?

A
  • Myoblasts that do not form skeletal muscle fibers​
  • Differentiate to assist in repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers
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14
Q

what are transverse tubules?

A
  • Tubules that conduct electrical impulses for muscle fiber contraction​
15
Q

what does the sarcoplasm contains myofibrils?

A
  • Responsible for the contraction of muscles ​
  • Myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma at each end of the muscle cell
16
Q

what are myofilaments?

A
  • Actin (thin protein filaments)​
  • Myosin (thick protein filaments)
17
Q

what surrounds each myofibril?

A
  • sarcoplasmic ​reticulum
18
Q

what does the sarcoplasmic ​reticulum consist of?

A
  • terminal cisternae and triads​
19
Q

what compromises sarcomere?

A
  • main functioning unit of muscle fibers​
  • Approximately 10,000 per myofibril​
  • Consists of overlapping actin and myosin​
  • This overlapping creates the striations that give the ​
    - skeletal muscle its identifiable characteristic​
20
Q

what is the z line?

A
  • Z line (Z disc): boundary between sarcomere units​
    - Made of actinin
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