muscular system

Question 1

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Answer 1

• Skeletal muscle​:
  - Pulls on skeletal bones​
  - Voluntary contraction​

Cardiac muscle​:
- Pushes blood through arteries and veins​
- Rhythmic contractions​

Smooth muscle​:
- Pushes fluids and solids along the digestive tract, for example​
-Involuntary contraction​

Question 2

what are the muscle tissues four basic properties?

Answer 2

• Excitability​:
  - The ability to respond to stimuli​

Contractility​:
- The ability to shorten and exert a pull or tension​

Extensibility: ​
- The ability to continue to contract over a range of resting lengths​

Elasticity: ​
- The ability to rebound toward its original length​

Question 3

what are the functions of the skeletal muscles?

Answer 3

• Produce skeletal movement​:
  - Pull on tendons to move the bones​
• Maintain posture and body position​:
  - Stabilize the joints to aid in posture​
• Support soft tissue​:
  - Support the weight of the visceral organs​
• Regulate entering and exiting of material​
  - Voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and urination​

-Encircles orifices of the digestive and urinary tracts​

• Maintain body temperature​
  - Some of the energy used for contraction is converted to heat​

Question 4

what is the gross anatomy of the muscular system?

Answer 4

• Overall organization of muscles​
• Connective tissue associated with muscles​
• Nerves associated with muscles​
• Blood vessels associated with muscles​

Question 5

define the epimysium

Answer 5

• dense tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

Question 6

perimysium

Answer 6

• dense tissue that divides the muscle into parallel compartments of fascicles

Question 7

define endomysium

Answer 7

• dense tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 8

what are the function of myosatellite cells

Answer 8

• repair damaged muscle tissue​

Question 9

what converges to form tendons?

Answer 9

• Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

Question 10

what connects a bone and muscles?

Answer 10

• tendons

Question 11

what connects muscles to other muscles?

Answer 11

• Aponeuroses thick, flattened sheets that connect a muscle to a muscle​

Question 12

define Sarcoplasm

Answer 12

• The cytosol of the muscle cell​
• Skeletal muscle fiber (same thing as a muscle cell)​
• Can be 30–40 cm in length​
• Multinucleate (each muscle cell has hundreds of nuclei)​
• Nuclei are located just deep to the sarcolemma​

Question 12

Within microanatomy define sarcolemma?

Answer 12

• Membrane that surrounds the muscle cell​

Question 13

define myoblasts?

Answer 13

• embryonic cells that from skeletal muscle fiber

Question 13

what are myosatellite cell?

Answer 13

• Myoblasts that do not form skeletal muscle fibers​
• Differentiate to assist in repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers

Question 14

what are transverse tubules?

Answer 14

• Tubules that conduct electrical impulses for muscle fiber contraction​

Question 15

what does the sarcoplasm contains myofibrils?

Answer 15

• Responsible for the contraction of muscles ​
• Myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma at each end of the muscle cell

Question 16

what are myofilaments?

Answer 16

• Actin (thin protein filaments)​
• Myosin (thick protein filaments)

Question 17

what surrounds each myofibril?

Answer 17

• sarcoplasmic ​reticulum

Question 18

what does the sarcoplasmic ​reticulum consist of?

Answer 18

• terminal cisternae and triads​

Question 19

what compromises sarcomere?

Answer 19

• main functioning unit of muscle fibers​
• Approximately 10,000 per myofibril​
• Consists of overlapping actin and myosin​
• This overlapping creates the striations that give the ​
  - skeletal muscle its identifiable characteristic​

Question 20

what is the z line?

Answer 20

• Z line (Z disc): boundary between sarcomere units​
  - Made of actinin