Human physiology chapter 3, cell metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
define cell metabolism
A
- the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell
2
Q
define energy metabolism
A
reactions involved in energy storage and use
3
Q
define catabolic
A
- breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules
4
Q
define anabolic reactions
A
synthesis of larger molecules from smaller reactants
5
Q
Define hydrolysis and its formal
A
- reactant side: breaks bonds sing H20
formula: A-B + H20 = A-OH + H-B
(Eg. sucrose + h20 = glucose + fructose)
6
Q
define condensation and its formula
A
- product side: make new bonds - releasing H20
A-OH + H-B = A-B + H20
(eg: glucose + fructose = sucrose + H20)
7
Q
define phosphorylation and its formula.
A
- adding phosphate group (+Pi)
- reactant side: adding inorganic phosphorous)
A + Pi = A-P
(eg: ADP + Pi = ATP + H20)
8
Q
Define dephosphorylation and it’s formula
A
- removing a phosphate group (-Pi)
- product side: releasing inorganic phosphorous
A-P = A + Pi
(eg: ATP = H20 = ADP + Pi (also a hydrolysis reaction)
9
Q
what is a oxidation reduction reaction?
A
- oxidation = loss of electrons
- removal of electrons:
A* + B AB*
where * is an electron
A is oxidized (loses electron)
B is reduced (gains electron)
- removal of electrons:
10
Q
What is ATP synthesis
A
- ADP + Pi + energy → ATP (+ H2O)
- A condensation reaction
- A phosphorylation reaction
11
Q
what is a EXERGONIC REACTION
A
- energy is released
12
Q
A
13
Q
what is glucose oxidation?
A
- the central reaction of energy metabolism
- ΔE = –686 kcal/mole
14
Q
how much energy is released durring glucose oxidation
A
= 686 kcal
15
Q
what are the 4 stages of glucose oxidation?
A
- glycolysis
- Krebs cycle
- oxidative phosphorylation
- electraon transport chain