introduction slides Flashcards
What are the levels of structural organization
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organs
- system level
- organismic level
what is the explanation for chemical level of Structal organization
- atomic and molecular level
what is the explanation for cellular level of Structal organization
- smallest living unit of the body
what is the explanation for tissue level of Structal organization
- group of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together on one task
what are the 4 basic types of tissues?
- epithelium
- muscle
- connective tissue
- never
what is the explanation for organ level of Structal organization
- grouping of 2 or more tissue types into a recognizable structure with a specific function.
what is the explanation for organ system level of Structal organization
- collection of related organs with a common function
- sometimes an organ is part of more than one system
what is the explanation for organismic level of Structal organization
- one living individual
what is surface anatomy?
- is the study of form and markings of the body surface, often explored through visualization or palpation (without any “cutting”).
what is gross anatomy?
- is the study of anatomical structures visible to unaided eye. After making the appropriate surface marking, the gross dissection proceeds through “cutting.”
what are the two general approaches to gross anatomy?
Systemic approach (Systemic Anatomy):
Study all of the blood vessels, or all of the muscles, or all of the bones… at once.
Regional approach (Regional Anatomy)
All anatomical structures of a specific region
what is histology?
- study of tissues
what is pathology?
- study of anatomical changes due to disease.
- Pathologists use gross inspection, as well as cytologic, histologic, and laboratory examinations to discover the source of the disease.
what is cytology?
- like histology, uses a microscope, but restricts the study individual cellular structures
what are the 6 life processes?
- Metabolism = sum of all chemical processes
breakdown of large molecules into small
building new structural components (proteins)
providing chemical energy for cells
-Responsiveness detect & respond to changes in internal or external environment some typical responses
-Movement at any structural level the body, an organ, a cell or cell component
Growth = increase in number or size of cells or the material found between cells
Differentiation = specialization of cells for a specific function stem cells give rise to cells that specialize
Reproduction = formation of new cells or new individuals
What is anatomical position?
Standardized position from which to describe directional terms:
- standing upright
- facing the observer, head level
- eyes facing forward
- feet flat on the floor
- arms at the sides
- palms turned forward
what is prone position?
- lying face down