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ANAPHY > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

3 basic muscle types

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, & Smooth

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2
Q

Contraction and shortening of muscles are due to the?

A

movement of microfilaments

Actin and myosin

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3
Q

When muscle contracts,

A

z-line is closer together

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4
Q

myo- and mys-

A

muscle

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5
Q

3 connective tissues that is a supportive sheaths to the muscle

A

Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium

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6
Q

sarco-

A

flesh

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7
Q

responsible for all types of body movement

A

Muscles

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8
Q

wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fibers

surrounded by fascicle (muscle fibers)

A

Perimysium

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9
Q

No striations; Involuntary

Contractions are slow and sustained

A

Smooth Muscle

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10
Q

How many muscles in the body?

A

640

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11
Q

encloses a single muscle fiber

inner most layer

A

Endomysium

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12
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

No striations; Involuntary

uninucleate

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13
Q

covers the entire skeletal muscle; made from dense connective tissue

A

Epimysium

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14
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Striations; Involuntary

uninucleate

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15
Q

Striations; Involuntary

Contracts at a steady rate set by pacemaker

A

Cardiac Muscle

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16
Q

striated; voluntary

multinucleate

A

Skeletal Muscle

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17
Q

on the outside of the epimysium

A

Fascia

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18
Q

surrounded by connective tissues

A

Skeletal Muscle

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19
Q

when myofibrils divide it becomes

A

sarcomere

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20
Q

thick filament

A

myosin

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21
Q

sarcomere will divide into

A

microfilaments (actin and myosin)

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22
Q

thin filament

A

actin

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23
Q

Muscle protein that blocked actin and myosin

A

tropomyosin and troponin

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24
Q

sarcomere is separated by a line

A

Z-line

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25
Q

During contraction, the 2 ends of a sarcomere come closer and the thin filaments slide past the thick ones so actin and myosin overlap more.

A

Sliding Filament Model

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26
Q

Muscle cells version of an endoplasmic reticulum

Its walls are loaded with calcium pumps which use ATP to save up a bunch of calcium ions

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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27
Q

guards can be bought off with

A

ATP and calcium

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28
Q

ATP is converted into motion. What kind of motion?

A

mechanical energy

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29
Q

contains chemical energy

produce by mitochondria

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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30
Q

____ sends an ____ along the motor neuron until it
____ with a muscle cell in arm
What can you find in your muscle cells that will receive the signals _____
This channels open up, action potential will go to _____ which contain t-tubules it will triggered the voltage-sensitive protein that are linked to calcium channels. In ______ it will allowed stored calcium to go to rest of _____ then it will activate ____ then it will bind with _____, since it binds, _____ will be pull way then _______

A

Brain / action potential / synapses / receptors/sodium channels / sarcolemma.
Calcium channels / muscle cell / myosin / troponin / tropomyosin / myosin with bind with actin

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31
Q

For relaxation/unbinding

___ will become ___and then ___ will go back to its original place

A

ATP / ADP / phosphate

troponin and tropomyosin

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32
Q

light band

Contains only thin filaments

A

I band

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33
Q

long organelles inside muscle cell

A

Myofibrils

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34
Q

Structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle

contractile unit of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcomere

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35
Q

specialized plasma membrane

A

Sarcolemma

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36
Q

dark band

Contains thick filaments

A

A band

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37
Q

ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

A

Irritability

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38
Q

ability to forcibly shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

A

Contractility

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39
Q

ability of muscle cells to be stretched

A

Extensibility

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40
Q

ability to recoil and resume resting length after stretching

A

Elasticity

41
Q

sartorius in your upper thigh

A

Longest

42
Q

gluteus maximus in your butt

A

Tiniest

43
Q

stapedius in your middle ear

A

Biggest

44
Q

Longest muscle

A

sartorius

45
Q

Tiniest muscle

A

gluteus

46
Q

Biggest muscle

A

stapedius

47
Q

Muscles never ___. They always ___.

A

push/pull

48
Q

That movement is always a pull with the ___ bone being drawn toward the ___ bone

A

insertion / origin

49
Q

muscle brings the insertion closer to the bone that doesn’t move or at least moves less

A

Origin

50
Q

when a muscle contracts, the bone that moves

A

Insertion point

51
Q

Whatever one muscle does, another muscle can ___.

A

undo

52
Q

producing a movement

A

Prime movers or agonists

53
Q

moves it away from the body

A

Abduction

54
Q

brings a limb toward the body; place back from the side

A

Adduction

55
Q

Antagonist – deltoids

Primer movers – pecs and lats

A

Adduction

56
Q

Antagonist – pecs and lats

Prime mover – deltoids

A

Abduction

57
Q

staying relaxed, or stretching, or contracting

keep prime movers from over-extending

A

Antagonists

58
Q

Helps the prime movers and stabilizing joints

infraspinatus and teres minor

A

Synergists

59
Q

If synergist immobilizes the muscles’ origin bone so that the prime mover can be more effective, then the synergist muscle

A

Fixators

60
Q

group of muscle fibers that all get their signals from the same, single motor neuron

A

Motor unit

61
Q

Number of muscle fiber in a neuron

What is bigger than the other

A

Innervation

62
Q

When a motor unit responds to a single action potential, those fibers quickly contract and release

A

Twitch

63
Q

3 distinct phases of twitch

A

Latent Period, Period of Contraction, Relaxation Period

64
Q

The stimulus has arrived, but no force is being produced.

Start of the action

A

Latent Period

65
Q

When the myosin and actin is binding

Muscle fibers contract

A

Period of Contraction

66
Q

Calcium goes back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
actin and myosin stop the binding cycle
muscle relaxes

A

Relaxation Period

67
Q

all those twitches blend together until they feel like one gigantic contraction; nasa taas lang

A

Tetanus

68
Q

twitches end up adding to each other as they get closer together in time; pababa

A

Temporal summation

69
Q

Generally affected by both the frequency and strength with which they’re stimulated

A

Graded muscle responses

70
Q

Muscle force is a product of how many ____ in each sarcomere

A

many myosin are bound to actin

71
Q

More ___ = more available binding sites

A

calcium

72
Q

More frequent ___ means ever more calcium

A

activation

73
Q

numbness

A

Paresthesia

74
Q

Change in length

A

Isotonic movement

75
Q

no change in length

A

Isometric contractions

76
Q

site of axon terminal of the motor neuron and sarcolemma of a muscle

A

Neuromuscular junction

77
Q

Chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse in the axon terminal

A

Neurotransmitter

78
Q

Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions

A

Isotonic movement

79
Q

Muscle filaments are trying to slide, but the muscle is pitted against an immovable object

A

Isometric contractions

80
Q

the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

81
Q

Gap between nerve and muscle filled with interstitial fluid

A

Synaptic cleft

82
Q

When stimulations become more frequent, muscle contractions get ___ and ___

A

stronger and smoother

83
Q

Only energy source that can be used to directly power muscle contraction
Stored in muscle fibers in small amounts that are quickly used up

A

ATP

84
Q

N

A

N

85
Q

Decreases the angle of the joint

Brings two bones closer together

A

Flexion

86
Q

increases muscle size and strength

A

Resistance exercise

87
Q

Increases angle between two bones

Straightening the elbow or knee

A

Extension

88
Q

results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue

A

Aerobic exercise

89
Q

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

90
Q

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

A

Circumduction

91
Q

Movement of a limb away from the midline

A

Abduction

92
Q

Movement of a limb toward the midline

A

Adduction

93
Q

Turning sole of foot laterally

A

Eversion

94
Q

Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly

Radius and ulna are parallel

A

Supination

95
Q

Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly

Radius and ulna cross each other like an X

A

Pronation

96
Q

Moving the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand

A

Opposition

97
Q

Lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin (toward the dorsum)

A

Dorsiflexion

98
Q

Pointing the toes away from the head

A

Plantar flexion

99
Q

Turning sole of foot medially

A

Inversion

ANAPHY (11 decks)

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