Human Body (ORGANIZATION & HOMEOSTASIS) Flashcards
smallest stable units of matter
Atoms
structural and functional components of cells; little organs
Organelles
smallest living units in the body; have the largest fluid in the body
Cells
composed of a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them
Tissue
Composed of two or more tissue types that perform one or more common functions
Organ
Group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions and are viewed as a unit
Organ system
any living thing considered as a whole, composed of one cell
Organism
Why do we need fluid in cell?
Organelles can float inside the cell
• atoms combine to form molecules
MOLECULAR LEVEL
• molecules combine to make organelles
CELLULAR LEVEL
• group of cells work together to perform one or more specific functions
TISSUE LEVEL
4 basic tissue types
E, C, M, N
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
• tissues working together to perform a function
ORGAN LEVEL
- organs work together to perform a function
* group of organ make a system
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
- Group of system work together to make organism
* all organ system must work together to maintain life and health of the organism
ORGANISM LEVEL
means balance
maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
HOMEOSTASIS
Main controlling systems of homeostasis
- Nervous system
* Endocrine system
• A disturbance in homeostasis results in disease
Homeostatic imbalance
3 components:
r, cc, e
receptor, control center, and effector
▪ Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)
▪ Sends information to control center along an afferent pathway
Receptor
▪ Determines set point
▪ Analyzes information
▪ Determines appropriate response
Control center
▪ Provides a means for response to the stimulus
▪ Information flows from control center to effector along efferent pathway
Effector
2 Feedback Mechanisms
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
If a response REVERSES the original stimulus
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
If a response ENCHANCES the original stimulus
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
- Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms
* Serves to maintain a ‘normal’ status of a variable
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
• Correcting the damage/injury
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
• Whenever a change occurs in a system, the change automatically causes a ____ to start, which reverses the original change and brings the system back to normal
corrective mechanism
feedback loop that responds to bring levels (high or too low) back to normal
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
ORGANS WILL COORDINATE WITH THE DAMAGE:
Nervous system
Endocrine system
t&cf were sends to the injured site (from Bone Marrow)
Thrombosis and Clothing Factor
When will adrenal gland be stimulated?
abnormality or stressors
2 CATECHOLAMINES
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
In adrenal glands, any will automatically be stimulated to tell the body there is something wrong?
Yes. Any stressors
3 HORMONES IN THE ADRENAL CORTEX
C, A, T
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Testosterone (Estrogen)
produce glucose
Cortisol
order the kidney tubules to reabsorb sodium
where sodium is, water follows
Aldosterone
main hormones in male gender
responsible in the development of secondary sexual characteristics
Testosterone
main hormones in female gender
Estrogen
There is a specific hormone for a specific stressor (TRUE or FALSE)
TRUE
end product of metabolism
Carbon dioxide
PANCREAS RELEASES
INSULIN
GLUCOSE FROM THE FOOD THAT WE EAT CAN ONLY ENTER FROM ___
INSULIN
If the glucose cannot enter the cell, it stays in the blood which called
(high blood sugar)
hyperglycemia
Overdosed, insulin will bring all glucose or sugar into the cell or it will enter your cells
(low blood sugar)
hypoglycemia
Do not require continuous adjustments
Does not maintain homeostasis
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
it amplifies responses and processes, moving the system further and further away from starting conditions
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
3 Hormones produced by the Adrenal Cortex (SSS)
sugar
salt
sex
sugar
cortisol
salt
aldosterone
sex
testosterone
