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ANAPHY > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

a series of changes the cell experiences from the time it is formed until it divides
the period between the beginning of one cell division and the beginning of the next cell division

A

Cell Division

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2
Q

Cell life cycle has 2 major periods

A

Interphase

Cell division

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3
Q

Metabolic phase
Cell grows and carries on metabolic processes
Longest phase of the cell cycle

A

Interphase

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4
Q

Cell reproduces itself

A

Cell division

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5
Q

Genetic material is duplicated and readies a cell for division into two cells
Occurs toward the end of interphase
Process of DNA replication

A

CELL DIVISION

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6
Q

Body Cell Division

It involves

A

Somatic Cell Division

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7
Q

3 major processes of Somatic Cell Division:

i, m, c

A

interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

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8
Q
  • Is a very active period of cell activity during which DNA in the nucleus doubles
  • The phenomenon is called “Replication”, meaning that DNA makes the copy of itself.
A

Interphase

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9
Q

• division of the cytoplasm into two distinct daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

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10
Q
  • Is the process during which two diploid (2n) daughter cells result from the division of a diploid (2n) parent cell
  • 4 sequential stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
A

Mitosis

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11
Q

division of the nucleus

Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei

A

MITOSIS

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12
Q

division of the cytoplasm

Product: Two daughter cells exist

Begins during late anaphase and completes during telophase

A

Cytokinesis

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13
Q

EVENTS OF MITOSIS:

PMAT

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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14
Q

Chromatin coils into chromosomes

chromatids are held together by a centromere

Centrioles direct the assembly of a mitotic spindle

Nuclear envelope and nucleoli have broken down

A

Prophase

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15
Q
  • Chromatin condenses and shortens into chromosomes.

* Each prophase chromosome has chromatids

A

Early Prophase

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16
Q

• Each prophase chromosome has a pair of identical, double- stranded DNAs called

A

CHROMATIDS

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17
Q
  • Disappearance of the NUCLEOLI.
  • Breakdown of the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE.
  • Movement of the two CENTRIOLES toward opposite directions.
  • Appearance of MITOTIC APPARATUS
A

Late Prophase

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18
Q

Line up in the middle

Chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell on the metaphase plate

Center of the spindle midway between the centrioles

Straight line of chromosomes is now seen

the CHROMATID pairs line up at the center of mitotic apparatus

A

Metaphase

19
Q

Pulled away

Centromere splits

Chromatids move slowly apart and toward the opposite ends of the cell

the phase is over when the chromosomes stop moving

Movement of the two sister chromatids of each chromosomes toward opposite pole of the cell

A

Anaphase

20
Q

Reverse of prophase

Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin

Spindles break down and disappear

Nuclear envelope re-forms around chromatin

Nucleoli appear in each of the daughter nuclei

Formation of nuclear membrane around each set of chromatin.

Appearance of nucleoli.

Mitotic apparatus disappears.

A

Telophase

21
Q

in telophase, Formation of two daughter cells with __chromosomes each.

A

46

22
Q

In most cases, M and C occur together

A

Mitosis Cytokinesis

23
Q

In some cases, the c is not divided

A

cytoplasm

24
Q

serves as a blueprint for making proteins

A

DNA

25
Q

DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein or polypeptide chain

A

Gene

26
Q

Where to find ribosomes?

A

Rough ER

27
Q

protein that the building materials for cells

structural

A

Fibrous proteins

28
Q

protein that act as enzymes (biological catalysts)

functional

A

Globular proteins

29
Q

Most ribosomes, the manufacturing sites of proteins, are located in the

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

DNA never leaves the nucleus in ___cells

A

interphase

31
Q

DNA requires a ___ and a ___ to carry instructions to build proteins to ribosomes

A

decoder messenger

32
Q

Both the decoder and messenger functions are carried out by

A

RNA

33
Q

single-stranded

contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose

A

RNA

34
Q

3 varieties of RNA

A

tRNA
rRNA
mRNA

35
Q

Transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

36
Q

Helps form the ribosomes where proteins are built

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

37
Q

Carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

38
Q

2 major phases of protein synthesis

A

Transcription

Translation

39
Q

happens in nucleus

A

Transcription

40
Q

happens in cytoplasm

A

Translation

41
Q

Transfer of information from DNA’s base sequence to the complementary base sequence of mRNA

Each DNA triplet corresponds to an mRNA codon

A

Transcription

42
Q

in Transcription DNA is the template for ___; mRNA is the ___

A

transcription - product

43
Q

Base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to an amino acid sequence; amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

Occurs in the cytoplasm and involves three major varieties of RNA

A

Translation

ANAPHY (11 decks)

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