Integumentary System Flashcards
- is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
- is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue
Dermis
Integumentary system consists of the:
Skin
Skin appendages
Integumentary system Protects the entire body from:
M, C, T, U, M, D
Mechanical damage Chemical damage Thermal damage Ultraviolet radiation Microbes (bacteria) Desiccation (drying out)
3 kinds of tissue compose the skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
subcutaneous layer
Hypodermis
Anchors the skin to underlying organs
Composed mostly of adipose tissue
Serves as a shock absorber and insulates deeper tissues
Hypodermis
outer layer
Avascular
Capable of being hard and tough
Stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
Keratinocytes (the most common cell) produce a fibrous protein called ___
keratin
Layers of the epidermis (deepest to most superficial)
C, L, G, S, B
Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
also known as stratum germinativum
Deepest layer of epidermis
Stratum basale
Wavy borderline with the dermis anchors the two together
Cells undergoing mitosis
Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers
Stratum basale
Cells become increasingly flatter and more keratinized
Stratum spinosum
Two to five layers of flattened, diamond shaped cells
Stratum granulosum
Formed from dead cells of the deeper strata
Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet
Stratum lucidum
Outermost layer of epidermis
Shingle-like dead cells are filled with keratin (protective protein prevents water loss from skin)
Stratum corneum
a pigment produced by melanocytes
Melanin
Melanocytes are mostly in the stratum __ of the epidermis
basale
Color is yellow to brown to black
accumulates in membrane-bound granules called melanosomes
Amount of ___ produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight
Melanin
Also called Langerhans cells
Alert and activate immune cells to a threat
Epidermal dendritic cells
Associated with sensory nerve endings
Serve as Merkel discs
Merkel cells
Serve as touch receptors called
Merkel discs
Connective tissue
Underlies the epidermis
Dermis
2 layers of the dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
upper dermal region
contain dermal papillae
Indent the epidermis above
Many projections contain capillary loops, and others house pain and touch receptors
Papillary layer
Papillary layer contain projections called
dermal papillae
On palm and sole surfaces, papillae increase friction and gripping ability
Fingerprints are identifying films of sweat
Papillary layer
deepest skin layer
Blood vessels
Sweat and oil glands
Deep pressure receptors
Reticular layer
Deep pressure receptors called as
lamellar corpuscles
3 pigments contribute to skin color
Melanin
Carotene
Hemoglobin
Yellow, reddish brown, or black pigments
Melanin
Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables
Carotene
Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries
Hemoglobin
Oxygen content determines the extent of __ coloring
If it is low, it will result ___
red - anemia
not enough oxygen
Cyanosis
deficient oxygen in the tissue
Hypoxia
Erythema
Due to embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever, or allergy
Redness
Blanching
due to emotional stress (such as fear), anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area
Pallor
yellow cast
Indicates a liver disorder
Jaundice
black and blue marks
hematomas
Bruises
