Muscular contractions & articulating bones Flashcards
What are the articulating bones at the ankle (hinge)
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Talus
What are the articulating bones at the knee (hinge)
- Tibia
- Femur
What are the articulating bones at the hip (ball and socket)
- Femur
- Pelvis
What are the articulating bones at the elbow?
- Ulna
- Radius
- Humerus
What are the articulating bones at the shoulder?
- Humerus
- Scapula
Define an agonist
The muscle that contracts to control movement.
- Can be either isotonic or isometric
Define an antagonist
The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist.
Define an isotonic contraction
Involves movement of the muscle, and can either be concentric (shortening under contraction) or eccentric (lengthening under contraction).
Define an isometric contraction
Involves a muscle that is under tension but there is no visible movement.
What is the agonist and antagonist for elbow flexion?
Bicep = agonist (pulls it up)
Tricep = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for elbow extension?
Tricep = agonist
Bicep = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for plantar flexion?
Gastrocnemius = agonist
Tibialis anterior = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for dorsiflexion?
Tibialis anterior = agonist
Gastrocnemius = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for knee flexion?
Hamstrings = agonist
Quadriceps = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for knee extension?
Quadriceps = agonist
Hamstrings = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for hip flexion?
Hip flexor = agonist
Gluteus maximus = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for hip extension/hyper-extension?
Gluteus maximus = agonist
Hip flexors = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for hip abduction?
Tensor fascia latae = agonist
Adductors = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for hip adduction?
Adductors = agonist
Tensor fascia latae = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for shoulder abduction?
Deltoid = agonist
Latissimus dorsi = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for shoulder adduction?
Latissimus dorsi = agonist
Deltoid = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for shoulder flexion?
Deltoid = agonist
Latissimus dorsi = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for shoulder extension?
Latissimus dorsi = agonist
Deltoid = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for shoulder horizontal abduction?
Latissimus dorsi = agonist
Pectorals = antagonist
What is the agonist and antagonist for shoulder horizontal adduction?
Pectorals = agonist
Latissimus dorsi = antagonist
