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Anatomy UE Questions > Muscles of forearm > Flashcards

Muscles of forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles are included in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

-Pronator teres
-Flexor carpi radialis
-Palmaris longus
-Flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

Which muscles are included in the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

-Flexor digitorum superficialis

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3
Q

Which muscles are included in the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

-Flexor digitorum
-Flexor pollicis longus
-Pronator quadratus

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4
Q

What attachment site do all superficial muscles of the anterior forearm share?

A

The medial epicondyle of the humerus

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5
Q

What nerve innervates the pronator teres muscle?

A

Median nerve (passes through PT)

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6
Q

What does the median nerve pass through as it descends into the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

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7
Q

What are the attachments for the pronator teres muscle?

A

Medial epicondyle and mid-radius

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8
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres muscle?

A

Pronates forearm (palm facing down) with elbow in extension

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9
Q

Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve

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10
Q

What are the attachments for the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Medial epicondyle and 2nd metacarpal

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11
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Flexion and radial deviation of the wrist

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12
Q

What nerve innervates the palmaris longus muscle?

A

Median nerve

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13
Q

What are the attachments for the palmaris longus muscle?

A

Medial epicondyle & blends into the connective tissue of the wrist/hand (palmar carpal ligament and palmar aponeurosis)

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14
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus muscle?

A

Flexion of the wrist and hand

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15
Q

What is the only muscle in the anterior superficial forearm layer that is innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

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16
Q

What are the attachments for the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Medial epicondyle and 5th metacarpal

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17
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion and ulnar deviation of the wrist

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve

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19
Q

What are the attachments for the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Medial epicondyle and gives off 4 tendons which land on the middle phalanges of each finger

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20
Q

The flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon forms a Y shape to let which tendon pass through?

A

The flexor digitorum profunda (FDP) tendon

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21
Q

As the flexor digitorum superficialis descends through the carpal tunnel, it exhibits what pattern?

A

2x2 pattern (2 stacked on top of each other)

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22
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

A

Flexion of PIP joints in the fingers

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23
Q

The flexor digitorum profunda is innervated laterally by which nerve?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

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24
Q

The flexor digitorum profunda is innervated medially by which nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

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25
Q

What are the attachments of the flexor digitorum profunda?

A

Ulna/interosseous membrane and sends 4 tendons down to connect to the fingers the distal phalanges

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26
Q

What do the flexor digitorum profunda tendons pass through to reach the distal phalanges of the fingers?

A

The flexor digitorum superficialis (pops out of the Y shape of the FDS)

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27
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum profunda?

A

Flexion of DIP joints in the fingers

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28
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor pollicis longus?

A

The anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

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29
Q

What are the attachments of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Radius/interosseous membrane and sends a tendon to the distal phalange of the thumb

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30
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexion of the IP joint in the thumb

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31
Q

What nerve innervates the pronator quadratus?

A

The anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

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32
Q

What are the attachments of the pronator quadratus?

A

Distal radius and ulna

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33
Q

What is the action of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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34
Q

What muscles of the anterior forearm are known as the “wrist flexors”?

A

Flexor carpal radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Palmaris longus

35
Q

What muscles of the anterior forearm are known as the “long finger flexors”?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus

36
Q

What muscles of the anterior forearm are known as the “pronators”?

A

Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus

37
Q

Which muscles of the anterior forearm are innervated by the median nerve?

A

All muscles of the superficial and intermediate layers except the Flexor carpi ulnaris

38
Q

Which muscles of the anterior forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus

39
Q

Which muscles of the anterior forearm are innervated by the AIN of the median nerve?

A

All muscles of the deep layer except medial 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus

40
Q

What is the palmer carpal ligament of the anterior wrist?

A

Connective tissue that crosses the wrist joint

41
Q

What does the palmer carpal ligament contain?

A

All flexor tendons crossing the wrist

42
Q

What is the palmer carpel ligament a continuation of?

A

Extensor retinaculum (on the dorsal side of the wrist)

43
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?

A

-Brachioradialis
-Extensor carpi radialis longus
-Extensor carpi radialis brevis
-Extensor digitorum
-Extenson digiti minimi
-Extensor carpi ulnaris

44
Q

What are the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior forearm?

A

-Extensor indices
-Outcropping muscles (Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis longus)
-Supinator

45
Q

Which muscle of the posterior forearm wraps around to land on the anterior forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

46
Q

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

47
Q

What are the attachments of the brachioradialis?

A

Supracondylar ridge of the humerus and the distal radius

48
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

Flexion of the elbow

49
Q

Which muscle is used to assess the C6 deep tendon reflex in a physical exam?

A

Brachioradialis

50
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve

51
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

The deep branch of the radial nerve

52
Q

What are the attachments for the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Supercondylar ridge of the humerus and 2nd metacarpal

53
Q

What are the attachments for the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and 3rd metacarpal

54
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radilis longus?

A

Extension and radial deviation of the wrist

55
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radilis brevis?

A

Extension and radial deviation of the wrist

56
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve(PIN)

57
Q

What are the attachments for the extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and digits 2-4 on the back of the hand (extensor expansion hood)

58
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum?

A

Extension of the wrist

59
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

60
Q

Which nerve innervates the extensor capri ulnaris?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

61
Q

What are the attachments for the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the 5th metacarpal on the back of the hand

62
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extension and ulnar deviation of the wrist

63
Q

What nerve innervates the supinator?

A

The deep branch of the radial nerve

64
Q

The supinator is located deep to which muscles?

A

Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor capri radialis longus

65
Q

What are the attachments for the supinator?

A

Starts at lateral epicondyle of the humerus/ulna (2 sites) and inserts in the proximal radius

66
Q

Which muscle in the deep layer of the posterior forearm “wraps around the radius”?

A

Supinator

67
Q

What is the action of the supinator?

A

Supination of the forearm

68
Q

When the deep branch of the radial nerve reaches the lower forearm, what is it renamed?

A

Posterios interosseous nerve

69
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor indices?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

70
Q

Which muscles of the deep layer of the forearm are outcropping muscles?

A

Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Abductor pollicis longus

71
Q

What nerve innervates all of the outcropping muscles?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

72
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Distal phalange of thumb

73
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Proximal phalange of the thumb

74
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Base of the 1st metacarpal

75
Q

Which muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the radial nerve?

A

Brachioradialis and Extensor carpi radialis longus

76
Q

Which muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis and Supinator

77
Q

Which muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve?

A

All posterior forearm muscles distal (south) of the Supinator muscle

78
Q

Which muscles of the posterior forearm are known as the “wrist extensors”?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris

79
Q

Which muscles of the posterior forearm are known as the “finger extensors”?

A

Extensor digitorum, Extendor digiti minimi, Extensor indices

80
Q

Which muscles of the posterior forearm are known as the “thumb extensors/abductors”?

A

Outcropping muscles (EPL, APL, EPB)

81
Q

Where is the extensor retinaculum located?

A

Connective tissue on the posterior wrist

82
Q

What does the extensor retinaculum contain?

A

All extensor tendons

83
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum a continuation of?

A

Palmer carpal ligament (on palmer surface of the wrist)

Anatomy UE Questions (21 decks)

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