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Anatomy UE Questions > Joints of distal UE > Flashcards

Joints of distal UE Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are responsible for flexion of the elbow?

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis
(bend elbow up toward shoulders)

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2
Q

What muscles are responsible for extension of the elbow?

A

Triceps
(straightening/ bringing elbow back down)

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3
Q

What are the two articulations of the elbow joint?

A

The humero-ulnar and humero-radial articulations

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4
Q

What makes up the humero-ulnar articulation of the elbow?

A

Formed between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

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5
Q

What makes up the humero-radial articulation of the elbow?

A

Formed between the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius

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6
Q

What ligaments stabilize the elbow joint?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, and annular ligament

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7
Q

What is the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow joint?

A

3 bands of connective tissue on the medial elbow which connect the humerus to the ulna

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8
Q

What is the radial collateral ligament of the elbow joint?

A

Bands of connective tissue which blends to both the annular ligament of the radius and the ulnar bone

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9
Q

What is the annular ligament of the elbow joint?C

A

Connective tissue which loops up and around the radial head

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10
Q

What elbow joint damage is common in throwing athletes?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament rupture/sprain/stretch

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11
Q

What is Tommy John surgery?

A

Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament

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12
Q

What grafts are commonly used in Tommy John surgery?

A

palmaris longus tendon, gracillus tendon, hamstring, great toe extensor tendon (autografts)

or donor grafts (allograft)

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13
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Irritation or compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel of the elbow to get to the forearm

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14
Q

What happens during a radial head dislocation?

A

The radial head is pulled out of the annular ligament (socket)

*more typical in peds due to laxity of joint

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15
Q

What is olecranon bursitis?

A

Inflammation and swelling/filling in fluid of the olecranon bursa (fluid sac in between bone and ligament) as a result of chronic pressure or irritation

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16
Q

What muscles are responsible for supination of the forearm?

A

Supinator muscle, biceps brachii

*rotate the palm up

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17
Q

What muscles are responsible for pronation of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

*rotate the palm down

18
Q

Which structure is made up of tough connective tissue and serves as the “floor” of the forearm?

A

Interosseous membrane
*stabilizes ulna and radius while still allowing mobility

19
Q

What is the sacciform recess?

A

An extension of the joint capsule of the elbow that is positioned under the annular ligament

20
Q

What are the two joints of the forearm?

A

The PRUJ (proximal radioulnar joint) and the DRUJ (distal radioulnar joint)

21
Q

What is the PRUJ (proximal radioulnar joint)?

A

Where the head of the radius articulates with the ulna (in between the two forearm bones at the proximal end)

*the annular ligament holds the head of the radius in place to articulate with the ulna

22
Q

What is the DRUJ (distal radioulnar joint)?

A

Where the head of the ulna articulates with the radius (in between the two forearm bones at the distal end)

*TFCC tissue cuts across and unites the distal radius and head of ulna

23
Q

What does TFCC stand for?

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex

24
Q

What are the attachments for the TFCC?

A

Styloid process of ulna and distal radius

25
Q

What is the purpose of the TFCC?

A

Allows the radius to pivot around ulna for pronation (palm down) and supination (palm up)

*provides stability between the two forearm bones while still allowing mobility

26
Q

What is a common cause of TFCC rupture or tear?

A

FOOSH (fall on outstretched hand) injury
-impact of fall is put on the wrist/TFCC

27
Q

What are the characteristics of an TFCC tear/rupture? Do these ruptures require surgery?

A

Pain and instability on the ulnar side of the wrist

-Do not usually need surgery, usually rest is required for healing

28
Q

What are the different movements of the wrist?

A

-Flexion (flexing wrist so hand points to floor with palm down)
-Extension (extending wrist so hand is up like the “stop” signal)
-Ulnar deviation (wrist bends hand toward pinky side)
-Radial deviation (wrist bends hand toward thumb side)

29
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments of the wrist?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament (ulna to carpals)
Radial collateral ligament (radius to carpals)

29
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments of the wrist?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament (ulna to carpals)
Radial collateral ligament (radius to carpals)

30
Q

What are the two radiocarpal ligaments of the wrist?

A

Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Palmer radiocarpal ligament
*these pull the carpal bones with the radius during pronation and supination

31
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Articulation between the radius and the carpal bones (mostly scaphoid and lunate)

32
Q

What is an MCP (metacarpophalanhgeal) joint?

A

Articulations between the distal end of metacarpal bones and proximal end of phalange bones
*AKA knuckles

33
Q

What is a PIP (proximal interphalangeal) joint?

A

Articulation between the proximal and middle phalanges in digits 2-5

34
Q

What is a DIP (distal interphalangeal) joint?

A

Articulation between middle and distal phalanges in digits 2-5

35
Q

What is the IP (interphalangeal) jont of the thumb?

A

Articulation between the proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb (1st digit)

36
Q

What action is produced by abduction of the fingers?

A

Spreading fingers apart/away from middle finger (midline)

37
Q

What action is produced by adduction of the fingers?

A

Bringing fingers together/toward middle finger (midline)

38
Q

What actions are produced by flexion/extension of PIP and DIP joints in the fingers?

A

Flexion: curling fingers inward
Extension: straightening out the fingers

39
Q

What actions are produced by flexion/extension of MCP joints in the fingers?

A

Extension: lifting fingers upward/back with the wrist (“stop” signal)
Flexion: pushing fingers down with palm facing the floor with the wrist

40
Q

What are the movements of the thumb?

A

-adduction/abduction
-flexion/extension
-opposition

41
Q

What action is produced by opposition of the thumb?

A

Touching the thumb to the tip of each finger

Anatomy UE Questions (21 decks)

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