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Anatomy UE Questions > Joints of proximal UE > Flashcards

Joints of proximal UE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint? What holds it in place?

A

Where the scapula articulates with the rib cage, held in place by the back and shoulder muscles

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2
Q

Is the scapulothoracic a true anatomical joint?

A

No, not a synovial joint

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3
Q

“Scapula rotates and fossa points up” describes which scapulothoracic joint movement of the scapula?

A

Upward rotation, allows arm to reach over head
*inferior angle moves lateral

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4
Q

“Scapula rotates and fossa points down” describes which scapulothoracic joint movement of the scapula?

A

Downward rotation, allows arm to lower to the side
*inferior angle moves lateral

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5
Q

“Scapula moves toward midline” describes which scapulothoracic joint movement of the scapula?

A

Retraction

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6
Q

“Scapula moves away from midline, fossa moves forward” describes which scapulothoracic joint movement of the scapula?

A

Protraction

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7
Q

“Scapula moves/shrugs up” describes which scapulothoracic joint movement of the scapula?

A

Elevation

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8
Q

“Scapula moves down” describes which scapulothoracic joint movement of the scapula?

A

Depression

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9
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)?

A

Where the proximal (sternal) end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium

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10
Q

Is the sternoclavicular joint (SC joint) a true anatomical joint?

A

Yes, it is a synovial joint with an articular disc

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11
Q

Which joint is the only true synovial joint which connects/attaches the upper extremity to the trunk (axial skeleton)?

A

Sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the Sternoclavicular (SC) joint other than attachment?

A

During the actions of raising the arm/scalpulothoracic joint movement, the clavicle must move with the other structures
-The SC joint allows for mobility of the clavicle to make these motions possible

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13
Q

What is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

A

Where the distal end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion (top outer edge) of the scapula

(during palpation you can sometimes feel the small bump at the distal end of the clavicle, which is the AC joint capsule)

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14
Q

Is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint a true anatomical joint?

A

Yes, it is a synovial joint

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

A

Along with the SC joint, it allows for shoulder/scapulothoracic joint movement by making it possible for the clavicle to move simultaneously with other structures

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16
Q

What are the two ligaments of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament & coracoclavicular ligament

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17
Q

What do the acromioclavicular ligament & coracoclavicular ligament keep together during arm movements?

A

The clavicle & scapula

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18
Q

What is the acromioclavicular ligament?

A

The AC joint capsule

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19
Q

What is the coracoclavicular ligament? What is its purpose?

A

Ligament that attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula and the distal end of the clavicle, it prevents the clavicle from “displacing up”/anchors it down

20
Q

What are the two sections of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

-Conoid ligament (more medial, looks like a cone)
-Trapezoid ligament (more lateral, trapezoid shaped)

21
Q

What is acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation? What grades of separation are we focusing on?

A

When the ligaments of the AC joint fail, happens during a fall/trauma of the shoulder that pushes/shears the clavicle and the scapula apart

Separation grades: 1, 2 & 3

22
Q

What is grade 1 AC joint separation?

A

Partial sprain to the AC ligament, but the coracoclavicular ligament is intact
*least severe

23
Q

What is grade 2 AC joint separation?

A

Rupture of the AC ligament, and the coracoclavicular ligament may be strained but is intact

24
Q

What is grade 3 AC joint separation?

A

Rupture of both the AC ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament

25
Q

What is osteoarthritis (DJD) of the AC joint?

A

Years later after injury, the AC joint capsule may become enlarged/fibrotic: connective tissue becomes very thick, bone spurs grow together, movement is limited
*often can feel a larger bump when palpating this area

26
Q

What is the glenohumeral (GH) joint?

A

Where the glenoid fossa of the scapulaarticulates with the head of the humerus

27
Q

What movements is the glenohumeral (GH) joint responsible for?

A

-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction
-Adduction
-External (lateral) rotation
-Internal (medial rotation
-Elevation
-Horizontal adduction

28
Q

“Arm at the side and bringing it forward as high as it can go” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

Flexion

29
Q

“Arm at the side and bringing it backward as far as it can go” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

Extension

30
Q

“Bringing the arm off to the side (away from midline) and raising it as far as it can go” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

Abduction

31
Q

“Bringing the arm toward/across midline (across the body) and bringing it up as far as it can go” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

Adduction

32
Q

“Rotating the arm toward the trunk” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

Internal (medial) rotation
(also if arm is raised/bent and moving toward the trunk)

33
Q

“Rotating the arm away from the trunk” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

External (lateral) rotation
(also if arm is raised/bent and moving toward the head/away from the trunk)

34
Q

“Any time the arm is raised above shoulder height” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

Elevation

35
Q

“Adduction/bringing the arm across midline as far as it can go with the arm AT SHOULDER HEIGHT” describes which glenohumeral (GH) joint movement?

A

Horizontal adduction

36
Q

How would you test flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the glenohumeral (GH) joint in a shoulder range of motion test?

A

Ask the patient to put one hand behind the neck (step 1 of range of motion)

37
Q

How would you test extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the glenohumeral (GH) joint in a shoulder range of motion test?

A

After the patient puts their hand behind their neck in step 1,
-Ask the patient to put their other hand behind their back and try to reach/join the hand behind the neck
(step 2 of range of motion)

38
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the glenohumeral (GH) joint?

A

-Glenohumeral (GH) ligament
-Coracohumeral ligament
-Transverse humeral ligament
-Coraco-acromial ligament
-Glenois labrum

39
Q

What is the glenohumeral (GH) ligament?

A

The GH joint capsule

40
Q

What is the coracohumeral ligament?

A

Ligament that attaches from the coracoid process to the humerus

41
Q

What is the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Ligament that runs across the bicipital groove from the greater tuberosity to the lesser tuberosity
*makes a tunnel for the biceps tendon to pass through

42
Q

What is the coraco-acromial ligament?

A

“attaches to itself”
Ligament that attaches the coracoid process to the acromion (both part of the scapula)
*forms “coraco-acromial arch”/roof for the ball and socket GH joint

43
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

A fibrocartilaginous ring-like structure which attaches around the rim of the glenoid fossa and deepens the socket for the GH joint/head of the humerus
*long head of the biceps tendon attaches to the superior rim of the glenoid labrum

44
Q

What is a SLAP lesion?

A

When the glenoid labrum tears along the attachment site of the biceps tendon

45
Q

What does “SLAP” stand (as in SLAP lesion)?

A

Superior
Labrum on
Anterior &
Posterior surfaces of the labrum

46
Q

What is the mechanism of a slap lesion?

A

The biceps tendon gets pulled (traction force rips on the tendon), which pulls and tears the labrum off of the glenoid cavity
*there are 4 different patterns/types of slap lesions

Anatomy UE Questions (21 decks)

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