Bones of distal UE Flashcards
What are the landmarks of the distal end of the humerus?
Trochlea, capitulum, lateral and medial epicondyle, supracondylar ridge, olecranon fossa
What is the trochlea of the humerus?
U-shaped end of the medial part of the humerus
(articulates with the trochlear notch of ulna)
What is the capitulum of the humerus?
Rounded end of the lateral part of the humerus (articulates with head of the radius)
What is the lateral vs. medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Structures just proximal to the capitulum (lateral epicondyle) and trochlea (medial epicondyle)
-attachment sites for forearm muscles
What is the supracondylar ridge of the humerus?
Ridge just proximal to the lateral epicondyle (also attachment site for forearm muscles)
What is the olecranon fossa of the humerus?
Divot on the back of the distal end of the humerus (olecranon of the ulna fits into this fossa when the arm extends)
What are the landmarks of the proximal ulna?
Olecranon and trochlear notch
What are the landmarks of the distal ulna?
Head of ulna and styloid process of ulna
What is the olecranon of the proximal ulna?
Big bump at the proximal end of the ulna (fits into olecranon fossa)
What is the trochlear notch of the proximal ulna?
Concave U-shaped structure that articulates with the trochlea
What is the head of the ulna (distal)?
Distal end of ulna = head of ulna
What is the styloid process of the distal ulna?
Tiny bump on the distal end of the ulna
What are the landmarks of the proximal radius?
Head and neck of radius
What is the landmark of the distal radius?
Styloid process of radius
What is the head of the radius (proximal)?
Enlarged portion at the proximal end of the radius
What is the neck of the radius (proximal)?
Narrowed transition portion just distal to the head of the radius (on the proximal end of the radius)
What is the styloid process of the distal radius?
Little bump at the distal end of the radius
How does the distal end of the ulna differ from the distal end of the radius?
distal end of the radius is much wider/larger
**THE HEAD OF THE ULNA IS AT THE DISTAL END
**THE HEAD OF THE RADIUS IS AT THE PROXIMAL END
Radius: lateral bone of forearm
Ulna: medial bone of forearm
What carpal bones are in the proximal row?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
What is the scaphoid?
*Most lateral in carpal bone in proximal row (closest to radial side)
What is the lunate?
Second most lateral carpal bone of the proximal row
What is the triquetrium?
Second most medial carpal bone of the proximal row
What is the pisiform?
Carpal bone in the proximal row that “sits like a pebble” on top of the triquetrium
*Most medial (closest to ulnar side)
What are the carpal bones of the distal row?
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What is the trapezium?
*Most lateral carpal bone in the distal row
(closest to radial side)
What is the trapezoid?
Second most lateral carpal bone in the distal row
What is the capitate?
Second most medial carpal bone in the distal row
What is the hamate?
*Most medial carpal bone in the distal row
(closest to ulnar side)
What is the hook of the hamate?
Arch on the hamate carpal bone (distal row)
What are the metacarpals (1-5)?
The bones just distal to the carpal bones
*metacarpals 1-5 follow digit numbers
What is the 1st digit?
Thumb
What is the 2nd digit?
Pointer finger
What is the 3rd digit?
Middle finger
What is the 4th digit?
Ring finger
What is the 5th digit?
Pinky
What are phalanges?
Small bones that make up the digits
Which digits have a proximal, middle, and distal phalange?
Digits 2-5
Which digit has a proximal and distal phalange?
1st digit (thumb)
