Bones of proximal UE Flashcards
What are the features of the clavicle?
-Clavicle:
Proximal end
Distal end
Superior surface
Inferior surface
Regions: proximal 1/3, middle 1/3, distal 1/3 (helps visually for landmarks)
How can you differentiate between the distal and proximal ends of the clavicle bone?
Proximal: knob/knuckle like
Distal: a bit more flat
How can you differentiate between the superior and inferior surface of the clavicle?
Superior: smooth
Inferior: bumps and grooves seen
What structure does the proximal end of the clavicle join with, what kind of joint do they form?
Manubrium, forms SC joint (sternoclavicular)
What structure does the distal end of the clavicle join with, what kind of joint do they form?
Acromion, forms AC joint (acromioclavicular)
What part of the clavicle is the most common site of clavicle fractures?
The middle third (mid-shaft clavicle fracture)
What are the features of the scapula from a posterior view?
-Medial & lateral borders
-Inferior angle
-Acromion
-Spine of scapula
-Supraspinous fossa
-Infraspinous fossa
What is the inferior angle of the scapula formed by?
The “V” shaped junction (meeting point) of the medial and lateral borders
What does the acromion articulate with?
The clavicle (forms AC joint)
What are the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa? What do they serve as attachment points for?
Hollowed out concavities on the back of the scapula
-Attachment sites for rotator cuff muscles
What are the landmarks of the anterior/lateral view of the scapula?
-Medial & lateral borders
-Inferior angle
-Subscapular fossa
-Acromion
-Coracoid process
-Glenoid cavity/fossa
-Supraglenoid tubercle
What is the subscapular fossa? What does it serve as an attachment point for?
Concavity along the front/anterior part of the scapula, also an attachment site for rotator cuff muscle
What shape is the coracoid process? What does it serve as an attachment point for?
Hook shaped, attachment site for some of the muscles going down the arm
What is the glenoid cavity/fossa?
A “socket” where the humerus articulates with the scapula
What is the supraglenoid tubercle?
An attachment site for the long head of the biceps (above the glenoid fossa)
*can be significant in some shoulder pathologies
What is the infraglenoid tubercle?
An attachment site for the long head of the triceps (below the glenoid fossa)
What are the landmarks of the proximal humerus?
-Head
-Anatomical neck
-Surgical neck
-Greater tubercle/tuberosity
-Lesser tubercle/tuberosity
-Bicipital groove
-Radial (spiral) groove
What does the head of the humerus serve as?
The “ball” that articulates with the scapula/glenoid fossa to form the shoulder joint
What is the difference between the anatomical neck and the surgical neck of the humerus?
Anatomical neck: the long bone’s “true” neck
Surgical neck: the area where trauma often causes fracture in the humerus
What are the bumps of the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle of the humerus separated by
Bicipital groove
What can not be seen on a posterior view of the humerus?
The lesser tubercle & the bicipital groove
How is the radial/spiral groove situated on the humerus? What is its purpose?
Wraps around the humerus, the radial nerve and artery run down this groove to the forearm
*in the cases of a mid-shaft fracture of the humerus, the artery and nerve can be potentially damaged
How is a proximal humeral fracture classified?
Neer classification: based on anatomy, displacement, and angulation
What is a humeral shaft fracture (mid-humeral fracture)? What is the usual treatment for these fractures
Direct trauma to the humerus causes a fracture line
*poses risk to the radial nerve and artery
Compression plate treatment: flat plate is drilled with screws into the bone to secure the plate
*important to make sure radial nerve/artery are not damaged during this procedure as well!
What is a humeral shaft fracture (mid-humeral fracture)? What is the usual treatment for these fractures
Direct trauma to the humerus causes a fracture line
*poses risk to the radial nerve and artery
Compression plate treatment: flat plate is drilled with screws into the bone to secure the plate
*important to make sure radial nerve/artery are not damaged during this procedure as well!
