Muscles & Ligaments

Question 1

The hip joint is formed by the articulation of the spherical head of the _____ with a deeply cupped _________ of the hip bone

Answer 1

Femur; Acetabulum

Question 2

Several strong ligaments reinforce the capsule of the hip joint. These include the

Answer 2

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubifemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 3

A ligament concealed inside the joint and contains vessels that supply the head of the femur

Answer 3

Ligamentum teres

Question 4

The muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for producing a particular action is known as the _____ _____, or agonist.

Answer 4

Prime mover

Question 5

As the prime mover contracts, another muscle will stretch. The muscle that stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover is called the _______.

Answer 5

Antagonist

Question 6

Most movements also involve muscles known as _____ which contract at the same time as the prime mover. These muscles aid the prime mover in producing an effective movement.

Answer 6

Synergists

Question 7

Some muscles in a group also act as ______, stabilizing the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently.

Answer 7

Fixators

Question 8

Origin: Zygomatic arch
Muscle Name:
Insertion: Lateral surface of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible as in closing jaw

Answer 8

Masseter

Question 9

Muscle name:
Origin: Manubrium of sternum
Insertion: Mastoid bone process of temporal bone
Action: Both muscles together flex neck; acting along rotates head towards shoulder on opposite side of body

Answer 9

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 10

Muscle name:
Origin: clavicle, sternum & costal cartilages of upper ribs
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at should joint

Answer 10

Pectoralis major

Question 11

Muscle name:
Origin: Acromion process & spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: All fibers contract - abducts arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

Answer 11

Deltoid

Question 12

Muscle name:
Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12, lumbar & sacral vertebrae, & lower ribs & iliac crest
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm at shoulder joint

Answer 12

Latissimus dorsi

Question 13

Muscle name:
Origin: Scapula & humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends forearm

Answer 13

Triceps brachii

Question 14

Muscle name:
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Flexes forearm; supinates forearm

Answer 14

Biceps brachii

Question 15

Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral border of distal humerus
Insertion: Base of styloid process of radius
Action: Flexes forearm

Answer 15

Brachioradalis

Question 16

Muscle name:
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus & olecranon process of ulna
Insertion: Carpals & base of metacarpal V
Action: Flexes hand; adducts hand at wrist

Answer 16

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 17

Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of metacarpal V
Action: Extends hand; adducts hand at wrist

Answer 17

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 18

Muscle name:
Origin: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum & costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
Action: Flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column; compresses abdominal contents

Answer 18

Rectus abdominus

Question 19

Muscle name:
Origin: Posterior ilium, sacrum, & coccyx
Insertion: Posterior surface of femur
Action: Extends thigh at hip; laterally rotates thigh

Answer 19

Gluteus maximus

Question 20

Quadriceps femoris group
Muscle name:
Origin: Spine of ilium and upper margin of acetabulum
Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends lower leg and flexes thigh

Answer 20

Rectus femoris

Question 21

Quadriceps femoris group
Muscle name:
Origin: Greater trochanter & posterior femur
Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends lower leg & stabilizes knee

Answer 21

Vastus lateralis

Question 22

Quadriceps femoris group
Muscle name: 
Origin: Medial surface of femur
Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends lower leg

Answer 22

Vastus medialis

Question 23

Quadriceps femoris group
Muscle name: 
Origin: Anterior & lateral surface of femur
Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends lower leg

Answer 23

Vastus intermedius

Question 24

Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
Action: Extends thigh and laterally rotates leg; flexes lower leg

Answer 24

Biceps femoris

Question 25

Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of tibiaAction: Extends thigh and flexes lower leg; medially rotates leg
Action: Extends thigh and flexes lower leg; medially rotates leg

Answer 25

Semitendinosus

Question 26

Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Action: Extends thigh and flexes lower leg; medially rotates leg

Answer 26

Semimembranosus

Question 27

Hamstrings group
Muscle name: 
Origin: Lateral condyle & lateral surface of tibia 
Insertion: Tarsal bone & metatarsal I
Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Answer 27

Tibialis anterior

Question 28

Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral & medial condyles of femur
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes foot and flexes lower leg

Answer 28

Gastrocnemius

Question 29

Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia & anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot and extends toes

Answer 29

Extensor digitorum longus