Muscles & Ligaments Flashcards
The hip joint is formed by the articulation of the spherical head of the _____ with a deeply cupped _________ of the hip bone
Femur; Acetabulum
Several strong ligaments reinforce the capsule of the hip joint. These include the
Iliofemoral ligament
Pubifemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
A ligament concealed inside the joint and contains vessels that supply the head of the femur
Ligamentum teres
The muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for producing a particular action is known as the _____ _____, or agonist.
Prime mover
As the prime mover contracts, another muscle will stretch. The muscle that stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover is called the _______.
Antagonist
Most movements also involve muscles known as _____ which contract at the same time as the prime mover. These muscles aid the prime mover in producing an effective movement.
Synergists
Some muscles in a group also act as ______, stabilizing the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently.
Fixators
Origin: Zygomatic arch
Muscle Name:
Insertion: Lateral surface of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible as in closing jaw
Masseter
Muscle name:
Origin: Manubrium of sternum
Insertion: Mastoid bone process of temporal bone
Action: Both muscles together flex neck; acting along rotates head towards shoulder on opposite side of body
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle name:
Origin: clavicle, sternum & costal cartilages of upper ribs
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at should joint
Pectoralis major
Muscle name:
Origin: Acromion process & spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: All fibers contract - abducts arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm
Deltoid
Muscle name:
Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12, lumbar & sacral vertebrae, & lower ribs & iliac crest
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm at shoulder joint
Latissimus dorsi
Muscle name:
Origin: Scapula & humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends forearm
Triceps brachii
Muscle name:
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Flexes forearm; supinates forearm
Biceps brachii
Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral border of distal humerus
Insertion: Base of styloid process of radius
Action: Flexes forearm
Brachioradalis
Muscle name:
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus & olecranon process of ulna
Insertion: Carpals & base of metacarpal V
Action: Flexes hand; adducts hand at wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of metacarpal V
Action: Extends hand; adducts hand at wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscle name:
Origin: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum & costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
Action: Flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column; compresses abdominal contents
Rectus abdominus
Muscle name:
Origin: Posterior ilium, sacrum, & coccyx
Insertion: Posterior surface of femur
Action: Extends thigh at hip; laterally rotates thigh
Gluteus maximus
Quadriceps femoris group
Muscle name:
Origin: Spine of ilium and upper margin of acetabulum
Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends lower leg and flexes thigh
Rectus femoris
Quadriceps femoris group
Muscle name:
Origin: Greater trochanter & posterior femur
Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends lower leg & stabilizes knee
Vastus lateralis
Quadriceps femoris group Muscle name: Origin: Medial surface of femur Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity Action: Extends lower leg
Vastus medialis
Quadriceps femoris group Muscle name: Origin: Anterior & lateral surface of femur Insertion: Patella & tibial tuberosity Action: Extends lower leg
Vastus intermedius
Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
Action: Extends thigh and laterally rotates leg; flexes lower leg
Biceps femoris
Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of tibiaAction: Extends thigh and flexes lower leg; medially rotates leg
Action: Extends thigh and flexes lower leg; medially rotates leg
Semitendinosus
Hamstrings group Muscle name: Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia Action: Extends thigh and flexes lower leg; medially rotates leg
Semimembranosus
Hamstrings group Muscle name: Origin: Lateral condyle & lateral surface of tibia Insertion: Tarsal bone & metatarsal I Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Tibialis anterior
Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral & medial condyles of femur
Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes foot and flexes lower leg
Gastrocnemius
Hamstrings group
Muscle name:
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia & anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot and extends toes
Extensor digitorum longus
