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Lab Exam 2 > Bone - Surface Markings > Flashcards

Bone - Surface Markings Flashcards

1
Q

Projection from a structure

A

Process

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2
Q

Larger prominence where muscles and CT attach

A

Tuberosity

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3
Q

Small rounded prominence often a site of tendon/ligament attachment

A

Tubercle

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4
Q

A tubercle of the femur near its joint with the hip bone

A

Trochanter

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5
Q

Rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming articulation with another bone

A

Condyle

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6
Q

Rounded eminence that lies upon the condyle

A

Epicondyle

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7
Q

Pairs of small joints between the vertebrae in the back of the spine

A

Facet

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8
Q

Raised/prominent part of the edge bone

A

Crest

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9
Q

Most proximal portion of the bone

A

Head

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10
Q

A hole through which nerves and blood vessels pass

A

Foramen

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11
Q

A tube-like channel that extends within the bone, which may provide passage and protection to nerves, vessels, and even sound.

A

Meatus

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12
Q

A shallow depression in the bone surface

A

Fossa

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13
Q

The _______ classification of joints is based on the amount of movement that can occur at the joint

A

Functional

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14
Q

The _______ classification of joints relies on the type of connective tissue which binds the articulating surfaces together and on the presence or absence of a joint cavity

A

Structural

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15
Q

3 types of functional joints:

A

Syarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses

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16
Q

Immovable joints

A

Syarthroses

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17
Q

Slightly moveable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

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18
Q

Freely moveable joints

A

Diarthroses

19
Q

3 types of structural joints:

A

Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints

20
Q

Firmly bound together by dense fibrous connective tissue
Very strong and permit little to no movement
Joint cavity is not present

A

Fibrous joints

21
Q

2 types of fibrous joints:

A

Suture

Syndesmoses

22
Q

Articulating bones are held very close together by dense CT
Functionally classified as synarthroses, or immovable joints
e.g. joint found between the cranial and facial bones of the skull

A

Sutures

23
Q

The articulating bones are united by a band of dense CT
Amount of movement depends on the length of connecting fibers
e.g. joint found at the distal articulation between the the tibia and fibula is classified as as synarthroses, or immovable

A

Syndesmoses

24
Q

Articulating bones are bound together by cartilage

These joints lack a joint cavity and permit little to no movement

A

Cartilaginous joints

25
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints:

A

Synchondroses

Symphyses

26
Q

Articulating bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
Functionally classified in the adult as synarthroses, or immoveable joints
e.g. joint formed by the costal cartilages of rib #1 and the manubrium of the sternum; epiphyseal plates in the long bones of children

A

Synchondroses

27
Q

Articulating bones are connected by fibrocartilage
Functionally classified as amphiarthroses, or slightly moveable joints
e.g. the intervertebral discs between the bodies of the vertebrae; pubic symphysis

A

Symphyses

28
Q

Most joints in the body are this type of joint.
Movement in this joint is limited only by ligaments, muscles, tendons or adjoining bones.
Characterized as diarthroses or freely moveable

A

Synovial joints

29
Q

Articulating bones are separated by a fluid filled joint cavity
Articular (hyaline) cartilage covers the surface of articulating bones
Joint cavity enclosed by articular capsule (outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane)
Reinforced and strengthened by band-like ligaments composed of dense regular CT

A

Synovial joints

30
Q

Synovial membrane secretes:

A

Synovial fluid

31
Q

6 categories of synovial joints:

A
  1. Plane (Gliding) Joints
  2. Hinge Joints
  3. Pivot Joints
  4. Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joints
  5. Saddle Joints
  6. Ball-and-Socket Joints
32
Q

Articulating surfaces are flat
Non-axial; slight movement
e.g. joints between the carpal bones of the writs and between tarsal bones of the ankle; sternocostal joint between the sternum and ribs #2-7; vertbrocostal joint between the vertebrae and ribs; intervertebral joint between the articular processes of the vertebrae; joint between tarsals and metatarsals; joint between carpals and metacarpals of digit #2-5; joint between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula

A

Plane (Gliding) Joints

33
Q

Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another
Monaxial; permits flexion and extension
e.g. elbow joint; joint between the phalanges; ankle joint; knee joint (modified version)

A

Hinge Joints

34
Q

A rounded surface of one bone fits into a ring-like portion of another bone
Monaxial; permits rotation
e.g. joint between the atlas and axis; joint between the head and the radius and the ulna

A

Pivot Joints

35
Q

An oval convex surface of one bone fits into an oval concave surface of another bone
Biaxial; all angular motions: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction
e.g. joint between the radius and carpal bones; joint between the occipital bone and atlas; metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints between the metacarpals/metatarsals and phalanges

A

Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joints

36
Q

Each articular surface has both convex and concave areas; fits into the other bone
Biaxial; all angular motions: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction and rotation
e.g. joint between carpal and metacarpal bone of the thumb

A

Saddle Joints

37
Q

Ball-like surface fits into a cup-like depression of another bone
Multiaxial; all angular and rotational motions: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction and rotation
e.g. shoulder joint; hip joint

A

Ball-and-Socket Joints

38
Q

e.g. joints between the carpal bones of the writs and between tarsal bones of the ankle; sternocostal joint between the sternum and ribs #2-7; vertbrocostal joint between the vertebrae and ribs; intervertebral joint between the articular processes of the vertebrae; joint between tarsals and metatarsals; joint between carpals and metacarpals of digit #2-5; joint between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula

A

Plane (Gliding) Joints

39
Q

e.g. elbow joint; joint between the phalanges; ankle joint; knee joint (modified version)

A

Hinge Joints

40
Q

e.g. joint between the atlas and axis; joint between the head and the radius and the ulna

A

Pivot Joints

41
Q

e.g. joint between the radius and carpal bones; joint between the occipital bone and atlas; metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints between the metacarpals/metatarsals and phalanges

A

Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joints

42
Q

e.g. joint between carpal and metacarpal bone of the thumb

A

Saddle Joints

43
Q

e.g. shoulder joint; hip joint

A

Ball and socket

Lab Exam 2 (14 decks)

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