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Body Logistics - MIMI > muscles > Flashcards

muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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2
Q

Two types of striated muscle

A

Skeletal

cardiac

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3
Q

Type of non-striated muscle

A

Smooth

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4
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Outer membrane of muscle

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5
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

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6
Q

sarcomere

A

The contraction unit of striated muscle

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle T tubules

A

T tubules- invagination is of the Sacrolemma which the sodium ions can travel and are sandwiched between the terminal cisterna of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
this forms a triad
t tubels are found at the AI junction - a band Myosin I band actin

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8
Q

Where are skeletal T tubels found

A

AI junction
a - thick Myerson
I-actin

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9
Q

As skeletal muscle t tubules found in diet or triad

A

Triad

terminal cisterna of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, T tubules, terminal cisterna of the sacroplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

T tubules what are they made fun and function

A

Invagination of the sarcolemma down which sodium ions can travel

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11
Q

Role of terminal cisterna of the scaroplasmic reticulum

A

Stores calcium irons for release upon depolarisation by T tubules

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12
Q

What causes depolarisation of the sacroplasmic reticulum

A

t tubules

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13
Q

Where are cardiac T tubules found

A

Z band

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14
Q

What is the z band

A

The line in which actin filaments and adjacent sarcomas are anchored

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15
Q

What the cardiac T tubule dyad made of

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisterna connecting to t trivial

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16
Q

Skeletal muscles have layers

A

Endomysium - inner
perimysium-middle
epimysium-outer

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17
Q

endomysium

A

Inner layer
loose connective tissue
surrounds each individual muscle fibre
the muscle fibres called Myofibrils and the contraction unit as a sacrament

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18
Q

perimysium

A

Middle layer
dense connective tissue which surrounds fasicle
contains nerves and blood vessels

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19
Q

epimysium

A

Outer layer

that connect tissue

20
Q

What types of fibres can striated muscle have

A

Three types
slow twitch Ia
fast twitch 2a
fast twitch 2 B

Each fascicle has at least one of each

21
Q

Type 1 and type II muscle fibres can be described as oxidative or glycolytic

A

type 1-slow oxidative
type 2a- fast oxidative and glycolytic
type 2b- first glycolytic

22
Q

Describe the blood flow in the three types of fibres

A

Type I- rich blood supply
type 2a - rich blood supply
type 2b- poor blood supply

23
Q

Describe whether the muscle fibres are anaerobic or aerobic

A

Type I aerobic
type IIa aerobic
type IIB anaerobic

24
Q

Compare the myoglobin levels in the different type of muscle fibres

A

Type I hi myoglobin levels
type II a hi myoglobin levels
type IIB low myoglobin levels

25
Q

Describe the number of cytochrome is in the different types of muscle fibres

A

Type I many cytochrome’s
type II a many cytochrome’s
type IIB few cytochrome’s

26
Q

Compare the colour of the different muscle fibres

A

Type I red
type II a red/pink
type IIB White

27
Q

Compare their resistance to fatigue of the 3 muscle types

A

Type I fatigue resistant
type IIa moderate fatigue resistant
type IIb rapidly fatigue

28
Q

Describe the type of activities each muscle fibre specialise for

A

Type I endurance type activities- long distance run
type II a- assist type I and 2b activities
type iib strength/anaerobic type activities

29
Q

Cardiac muscle has what which striated muscles don’t have

A

Intacolating disc

30
Q

Compare the position of the nucleus in cardiac and skeletal muscle

A

Cardiac nucleus is central one or two of them per cell

skeletal nucleus and edge multi-nucleated

31
Q

What is the contract of cell in cardiac muscle called

A

Not Sarcomere, cardio my site

32
Q

Cardiac muscle can act as an endocrine tissue secreting

A

ANP - atrial natriurectic peptide

BNP-grain type natriuretic peptide

33
Q

Continued muscle contraction depends upon

A

Calcium ions

ATP

34
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargement of individual cells

35
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Mitosis of cells

36
Q

Atrophy

A

Cells get smaller

37
Q

Purkinje fibres are differ to cardiac myocytes because

A

Abundant glycogen
sparse myofibrils
extensive gap junction sites

38
Q

Role of purkinje fibres

A

Conduct action potentials rapidly

39
Q

Heart contractions initiated in

A

Siniatrial atrial node

40
Q

The conduction travels from the SA to wear in the heart

A

Atrioventricular node

41
Q

What to smooth muscle not have that striated muscle has

A

Not striated
no sarcomere
no t tubules

42
Q

Compare the force of contraction of smooth muscle and striated muscles

A

Contraction a slower more sustained and requires less ATP

43
Q

Smooth muscle has the ability to do what which striated muscle cant

A

Stretch

44
Q

Mature muscle repair skeletal muscles

A

Skeletal muscle cannot divide
but can regenerate by mitotic activities of satellite cells
hyperplasia following muscle injury
satellite cells can also fuse with existing muscle cells to increase mass hypertrophy

45
Q

Mature muscle repair in cardiac muscle

A

Adult cardiac muscle is incapable of regeneration
following damage fibroblasts invade divide and laydown scar tissue

Children’s muscle can regenerate

Body Logistics - MIMI (14 decks)

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