Exocrine glands Flashcards
Exocrine glands
duct
Name 3 exocrine glands
Parotid glands
submandibular gland
sublingual glands
What is the biggest exocrine organ
Liver
Where are the parotid glands found
Bilateral by the side of the mouth and in front of the ears
What percentage of all saliva reproduction does the parotid gland account for
40%
What does the parotid glands secrete
serous
What’s cells secrete the substance in parotid glands
Acini cells
Function of the parotid gland
Secrete serous that contains enzymes e.g. amylase
digest food and lubricates for swallowing
Describe the histology parotid gland
Striated ducts
simple columnar epithelium
Submandibular glands secrete
serous and mucous
Slavery can secretion is affected by neuronal stimulus is explain how is affected
Parasympathetic: produces a large volume of watery saliva rich in enzymes
sympathetic: produces a small thick secretion of saliva re-rich in mucus
The liver exocrine secretion
Constitutive: secretes bile
The liver endocrine secretion
Constitutive: albumin
regulated: IGF- 1
Hepatic blood supply- what is a portal system
Two capillary systems between hearts arterial supply and the hearts of venal supply
Where are the two areas the hepatic portal system capillaries branch
Stomach and intestine- nutrients and toxins absorbed
liver- nutrient and toxins leave
Where does the deoxygenated blood from the liver come from
Other organs such as stomach which is a portal system, so will first capillary branch at the stomach, then travel via the portal vein to the liver where they will secondary branch
At the end of the hepatic triad blood collects into the central canal, where does the blood go then
Central canal to hepatic vein to vena cava
Hepatic triad come together at the end of hepatic lobules also known as
acini
Name the three components of the hepatic triad
Bile duct
portal vein
hepatic artery
Describe the basement membrane in the sinusoid
Incomplete basement membrane, intracellular gaps
Describe the structure of the liver lobule
Liver lobule hexagonal shape - six sides
central vein
hepatocyte do not form straight lines
Describe the directions which the sinusoids and the bile duct moves fluids
Sinusoids needs fluid towards the central canal
Bartok meets fluids away from central canal
Where are kupffer cells found
Sinusoids lumen
What is the space of disse
Space between sinusoid and hepatocyte
Which surfers due hepatic cells have microvilli on
These basoateral surface
Note hepatic cells have reversed apical and basal surface
What is the tube called which transports bile to the bile duct
bile canaliculus
Where do the bile canaliculus run in respect to hepatocytes
Above or below never through
Kupffer cells
Specialist macrophage
the trap and phagocytosis any damage or age you refer sites that were missed by the spleen
When the spleen is remove what role can the liver play and what cells and others to happen
kupffer cells intake over the removal of the hundred and 20 day old you refer sites
What roles do stellate cells play in liver fibrosis
Hepatic stellate cells lose their vitamin a storage ability and differentiate into Myofibroblasts. These synthesise and deposit collagen leading to liver fibrosis
Four functions of the liver
Storage
anabolism- production
catabolism- destruction
other functions
Give some examples of liver storage functions
Iron
vitamin a B12 D and K (lipid soluble vitamins)
glycogen
copper
Anabolism role of the liver
Makes more than 60% of bodies proteins
major plasma protein- albumin
enzymes
haemopoeisis in the foetus from week 5 to 32
Catabolism role of the liver
Drugs
hormones
toxins
After spleen removed can remove red blood cells
Give the exocrine and endocrine function of the liver
Bile production exocrine
endocrine
constitutive- albumin
regulated IGF-1
How do you have pattern sites differ to other cells
Numerous mitochondria
lots of paroxisomes - organelles full of oxidising agents
numerous free ribosomes
a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
numerous golgi complexes
glycogen deposits
Four different types of signalling
autocrine
Paracrine
intrcrine
endocrine
