Homeostatis, body fluids and oedema

Question 1

Define homeostatus

Answer 1

homeo = sameness and status = standing still

Question 2

what needs to be maintained constant internal environment

Answer 2

water, temperature and pH

Question 3

How do you maintain homeostatus

Answer 3

Positive and negative feedback loops

Question 4

Negative feedback loops four parts

Answer 4

1. Stimulus
2. Sensor
3. Control
4. Effector

Question 5

What happens we are too hot

Answer 5

Vasodilation
sweating
Pilorelaxtation
stretching out

Question 6

What happens when your to cold

Answer 6

Vasoconstriction
shivering
piloerection
curling up

Question 7

Describe the negative feedback loop of eating food

Answer 7

Eating food increases blood glucose
pancreas beta cells release insulin
Labour obtains glucose and stores as glycogen
Blood glucose levels decrease
system turned off

Question 8

Positive feedback system of blood clotting

Answer 8

Platelets release chemicals which recruit more platelets which activates more platelets

Question 9

Positive feedback labour example

Answer 9

The baby’s head pushing and cervix causing stretching
Stretching of the cervix causes nerve impulse to be sent to the brain
the brain stimulates the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin
oxytocin cause the uterus to contract, hence further pushes head into the uterus

Question 10

Core body temperature defined as

Answer 10

Temperature of head and thorax

Question 11

Where we can use themometer

Answer 11

Auditory
oral
temporal
axillary
Bristol

Question 12

Normal pH range

Answer 12

7.35-7.45

Question 13

Two major organs responsible for maintaining the acid-base balance are

Answer 13

The Lungs respiratory balance

the kidneys metabolic balance

Question 14

Lungs and respiratory balance

Answer 14

H+ + HCO3- <=> H2CO3 <=> (Carbonic Anhydrase) H20 + CO2

Question 15

Kidneys metabolic balance

Answer 15

Kidneys can excrete or retain H+ OR HCO3-

Alot more powerful than respiratory compensation

Question 16

PH have gut

Answer 16

1.5-3.5

Question 17

PH

Answer 17

ph=-log10[H+]

Changes in hydrogen iron concentration need significant changes in pH

Question 18

How to measure blood gas analysis

Answer 18

Use radiometre

Question 19

Palace water split into compartments

Answer 19

60% water
2/3 intracellular fluid and 1/3 extracellular fluid
this 1/3 80% interstitial fluid and 20% plasma

Question 20

Total body water in male female infants

Answer 20

male female infant
normal 60 50 70
lean 70 60 80
obese 50 42 60

Question 21

Hypertonic

hypotonic

Answer 21

Cell inflates, high osmolarity

so shrinks, close polarity

Question 22

Transmembrane protein for the book movement of water

Answer 22

auqaporins

Question 23

Osmolarity vs osmolality

Answer 23

milliosmoles per L

milliosmoles per Kg (Clinical way use because does not rely on temperature or pressure)

Question 24

Oedema is

Answer 24

Fluid retention hydrostatic pressure> onconic pressure

Question 25

For causes of oedema

Answer 25

1. Raise hydrostatic pressure in capillary
2. Decreased onconic pressure in the capillary - Live disease low albumin
3. Increase onconic pressure in the interstitium - increased vascular permeability in inflamation - leakage of plasma proteins
4. Impaired lymphatic drainage (lymphoedema) - Presence of puzzle proteins in the interstitial fluid lymphatics blocks or damage