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Body Logistics - MIMI > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does gastrulation occur?

A

Third week of development, marking the start of the embryonic period

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2
Q

What is gastrulation

A

Bilaminar disc, epiblast and hypoblast Converted into a trilaminar disk Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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3
Q

How does gastrulation occur

A

Primitive streak forms in the epiblast, leading to migration and invagination of epiblast cells

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4
Q

Why does gastrulation occur

A

To ensure the correct placement and precursor tissue to allow subsequent morphogenesis to take place

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5
Q

How many weeks after fertilisation is the embryonic period

A

3 to 8

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6
Q

teratogenesis Effects which stage of development the most and why

A

Pre-embryonic - lethal effects
embryonic - the most sensitive - As this period where systems were developed
fetal - less sensitive - period about growth and function maturation of systems

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7
Q

What structure appears on epiblast layer during gastrulation

A

Primitive streak, with no laptop

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8
Q

What happens to hyperblast layer in the formation of trilaminar disc

A

Is displaced, does not form any of the three layers of the trilaminar disc

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9
Q

Name the three layers the epiblast differentiates into

A

Ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

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10
Q

Which two parts of the trilaminar disc which are not 3 layers

A

Future anus and future mouth

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11
Q

Ectoderm will feature develop

A

ecto= outside

Organs and structures that maintain contact with outside world
such as the nervous system and the epidermis

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12
Q

Mesoderm future develop

A

Supporting tissues, muscle cartilage and bone vascular systems including heart and vessels

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13
Q

Endoderm will future develop

A

Internal structures, epithelial lining of GI track, respiratory tract

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14
Q

Immotile cilia can result in

A

situs inverters

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15
Q

Howard left and right asymmetry produced

A

Ciliated cells at the node result in leftward flow of signal molecules. Site-specific signalling cascade initiated. Absence of signal results in right sidedness

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16
Q

Which layer does the notochord form in

A

Mesoderm

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17
Q

Notochord in neurulation leads to

A

Solid model cells running down the midline. Send signal to overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neur ectoderm.Electrical signal causes overlying ectoderm to thicken. Slip a shape neural plate Edges elevate out of the pain of the disc and card towards each other creating the neural tube

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18
Q

Name of first cavity inside embryo

A

Intra embryonic coelom

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19
Q

What do somites derived from

A

Pariaxial mesoderm

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20
Q

Total number somites

A

31

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21
Q

Somites broken down to form

A

Sclerotome - eventually form bone

22
Q

Folding in the head to foot plane is called

A

cephalocaudal Folding

23
Q

What is folding achieve

A

Draws together the margins of the disc
creating a ventricle body wall
pulling amniotic membrane around the disk
Embryo becomes suspended within the amniotic sac
pulling connected stalk ventrally

Fording allows everything to be put in my place

24
Q

Three stages from fertilisation to birth

A

The embryonic 1-2 weeks
embryonic 3-8 weeks
fetal 9-38 weeks
These are weeks post fertilisation

25
Q

Gestation age

A

Time since last menastration. Embryonic age +2 weeks

26
Q

Three stages of pre-embryonic period

A

Cleavage
compaction
implantation

27
Q

What is cleavage

A

Forms morula

28
Q

What is Compaction

A

Forms blastocyst

29
Q

Ideal location for fertilisation to occur

A

Anterior posterior ampulla of fallopian tube

30
Q

What you call a fertilised oocyte

A

Zygote

31
Q

Explain cleavage

A 
Cleavage forms morula
series of mitotic divisions
begins 30 hours after fertilisation
results into blastomeres of equal size
zone of lucida glycoprotein shell ensures only one sperm fertilised egg
32
Q

During cleavage the cells can be described as

A

totipotent - Has the capacity to become any cell type

33
Q

What embryonic stage can create implantation genetic diagnosis account

A

morula In cleavage

34
Q

Explain compaction

A

Formation of first cavity
full blastocyst
inner cell mass - embryoblast
Outer cell mass - Trophoblast

35
Q

Cells in compaction can be described as

A

Pluripotent the capacity to become one of many cell types

36
Q

What needs to occur before implantation can occur

A

Hatching, blastocyst hatches from zone pullucida

can now interact with uterine surface to implement

37
Q

How many cells does the conceptus have during implantation

A

Hundred, eight in Embryoblast and 92 trophoblast

38
Q

What happens in the week twos

A

Two distinct sailors emerge from
the outer cell mass trophoblast
x syncytiotrophoblast
x cytotrophoblast

inner cell mass embryoblast becomes bilaminar disk
x Epiblast
x Hypoblast

39
Q

Bilaminar disc

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

40
Q

What region of the uterus does implantation occur

A

Implantation is interstitial, uterine epithelium is breached and the conceptus implants within the uterine stroma

41
Q

Why does implantation occur

A

To establish maternal blood flow in the centre

42
Q

Basic structural units of materno-fetal exchange

A

Chorionic illness

43
Q

Conditions linked implantation defects

A

Ectopic pregnancies

centre Praevia

44
Q

abembryonic pole

A

Primitive yolk sac formed

45
Q

Embryonic pole

A

Rapid development of syncytitrophoblast

46
Q

which later is the yolk sac membrane in contact with

A

cytotrophoblast

47
Q

Primitive yolk sac membrane is pushed away from cytotrophoblast by

A

And a acelluar extra embryonic reticulm

48
Q

Which layer interacts with the maternal blood vessels

A

syncytiotrophoblast - Indeed maternal sinusoids

49
Q

What is the secondary yolk sack made from

A

The primitive yolk sac

50
Q

What Suspends embryo

A

Connecting Stalk

51
Q

What is the amniotic sac formed from

A

From from spaces within the epic last

Body Logistics - MIMI (14 decks)

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