Endocrine tissue Flashcards
Name the five endocrine glands
pitutiary thyroid parathyroid adrenal pancreas
Pituitary gland is split into two lobes
Anterior and posterior
pituitary gland anterior lobe secretes
Thyroid stimulating hormone adrenocorticotrophin hormone follicle-stimulating hormone Growth hormone prolactin Melanocyte stimulating hormone
pituitary gland posterior secretes
Antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin
Thyroid gland secretes
Anterior to the trachea
secretes T4 and T3(active)
Parathyroid gland secretes
Lie on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland, for glands two pairs
Secretes para thyroid hormone
Pancreas secretes
endocrine acini cells secrete amlase, lipase
exocrine islet of Langerhans secretes alpha cells - glucogon and beta cells insulin
Endocrine organs examples
Heart - hormone atrial natriuretic factors - reduces blood pressure
Stomach- ghrelin and leptin - appetite control
Three types of hormones
Glycoproteins
steroid hormones
amino acid derived
Role of hypothalamus
central to homeostasis involved in: so regulation heart rate emotions sexual behaviour
What does the hypothalamus produce
All the hormones which the anterior and posterior pituitary glands secrete
Which lobes of the pituitary gland has nerve’s
The posterior
What is a portal system
Portal veins branch again to supply a capillary network to a second location before entering a series of veins which will lead to the heart
What kind of secretions are endocrine glands subjected to
Merocrine
Antidiuretic hormone acts on
Kidneys
Oxytocin acts on
Smooth muscle of uterus or prostate gland
Luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone act on
Ovaries, testes
Hashimoto
Hypothyroidism
high TSH low T4 and T3
anti-TPO and anti-TG blocks production of T3 and T4 and stops the storage
the high TSH is due to negative feedback loops
Graves
Hyperthyroidism
low TSH high T4 and T3
anti-TSH
Describe the role of parafollicular cells
Neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid which secrete calcitonin
reduces calcium levels
independent of thyroid hormone synthesis
inhibit osteoclast activity in Bone and inhibits calcium reabsorption
Parathyroid gland
Chief cells produce parathyroid hormone when calcium levels are low to increased calcium levels
Adrenal gland name the two regions
medulla inside
cortex outside
Compare the adrenal glands on the left and right kidney shape
Left kidney half moon shape
right kidney pyramid
Name the cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland
chromaffin sells neuroendocrine cells
presynaptic synthetic nerve
when nerve impulse reacheschromaffin sells they release their secretory products adrenaline and noradrenaline
Layers of the adrenal cortex
Zona Glomertulosa outer
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
Due to stress response behavioural changes and physiological changes
Improved awareness
improved cognition
Increased cardiovascular tone
increased respiratory rate
Pancreas endocrine tissue
Ancini sells
contain numerous zymogen granules
