Endocrine tissue

Question 1

Name the five endocrine glands

Answer 1

pitutiary 
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas

Question 2

Pituitary gland is split into two lobes

Answer 2

Anterior and posterior

Question 3

pituitary gland anterior lobe secretes

Answer 3

Thyroid stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotrophin hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
prolactin
Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 4

pituitary gland posterior secretes

Answer 4

Antidiuretic hormone

oxytocin

Question 5

Thyroid gland secretes

Answer 5

Anterior to the trachea

secretes T4 and T3(active)

Question 6

Parathyroid gland secretes

Answer 6

Lie on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland, for glands two pairs

Secretes para thyroid hormone

Question 7

Pancreas secretes

Answer 7

endocrine acini cells secrete amlase, lipase

exocrine islet of Langerhans secretes alpha cells - glucogon and beta cells insulin

Question 8

Endocrine organs examples

Answer 8

Heart - hormone atrial natriuretic factors - reduces blood pressure

Stomach- ghrelin and leptin - appetite control

Question 9

Three types of hormones

Answer 9

Glycoproteins
steroid hormones
amino acid derived

Question 10

Role of hypothalamus

Answer 10

central to homeostasis
involved in:
so regulation
heart rate
emotions
sexual behaviour

Question 11

What does the hypothalamus produce

Answer 11

All the hormones which the anterior and posterior pituitary glands secrete

Question 12

Which lobes of the pituitary gland has nerve’s

Answer 12

The posterior

Question 13

What is a portal system

Answer 13

Portal veins branch again to supply a capillary network to a second location before entering a series of veins which will lead to the heart

Question 14

What kind of secretions are endocrine glands subjected to

Answer 14

Merocrine

Question 15

Antidiuretic hormone acts on

Answer 15

Kidneys

Question 16

Oxytocin acts on

Answer 16

Smooth muscle of uterus or prostate gland

Question 17

Luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone act on

Answer 17

Ovaries, testes

Question 18

Hashimoto

Answer 18

Hypothyroidism
high TSH low T4 and T3
anti-TPO and anti-TG blocks production of T3 and T4 and stops the storage
the high TSH is due to negative feedback loops

Question 19

Graves

Answer 19

Hyperthyroidism
low TSH high T4 and T3
anti-TSH

Question 20

Describe the role of parafollicular cells

Answer 20

Neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid which secrete calcitonin
reduces calcium levels
independent of thyroid hormone synthesis
inhibit osteoclast activity in Bone and inhibits calcium reabsorption

Question 21

Parathyroid gland

Answer 21

Chief cells produce parathyroid hormone when calcium levels are low to increased calcium levels

Question 22

Adrenal gland name the two regions

Answer 22

medulla inside

cortex outside

Question 23

Compare the adrenal glands on the left and right kidney shape

Answer 23

Left kidney half moon shape

right kidney pyramid

Question 24

Name the cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland

Answer 24

chromaffin sells neuroendocrine cells
presynaptic synthetic nerve
when nerve impulse reacheschromaffin sells they release their secretory products adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 25

Layers of the adrenal cortex

Answer 25

Zona Glomertulosa outer
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

Question 26

Due to stress response behavioural changes and physiological changes

Answer 26

Improved awareness
improved cognition

Increased cardiovascular tone
increased respiratory rate

Question 27

Pancreas endocrine tissue

Answer 27

Ancini sells

contain numerous zymogen granules