Bone Flashcards
Five types of bone
Long short flat irregular sesamoid
Long bones
Longer than they are wide
fumur
function: to support the weight of the body and facilitate movement
Short bones
Carpal wrist
tarsal ankle
Provide stability and some movement
Flat bones
Flatten the frost parallel opposite edges
skull occipital
Protect internal organs
also provide large areas of attachments for muscles
irRegular bones
Vertebrae
protect spinal cord
sesamoid bones
Bones embedded in tendons
patella knee cap
function: protects tendons from stress and damage and repeated wear and tear
Two types of bone
Compact cortical bone= made of osteons
spongy cancellous bone= made of trabeculae
Two types of bone marrow
Red
yellow
Red bone marrow
full of developing blood cells
rich blood supply
only found in spongy bone
Function of red blood marrow
To replenish cells in the blood haemopoiesis
Yellow marrow
Full of adipocytes
poor blood supply
Yellow marrow function
Shock absorber an energy source can convert to red marrow
Spongy cancellous bone
Made of trabecular a consisting of osteo sites embedded in irregular lamella of bone
T cells need to be educated were
thymus
Throwing capillaries is controlled by
Pre-capillary sphincters
Function of pre-capillary sphincters
Control fluid exchange between the capillary and the body tissue takes place at the capillary bed
larger cells cannot pass through capillaries and bypass the capillary bed
Three layers of vein
Tunica intima- endothelial cells
tunica media- elastic fibres in smooth muscle cells
tunica externa- elastic fibrous capsule
Mains files are made of
Fibroelastic cartilaginous
venules received blood from
Arterioles and capillaries
Largest vein in body
Vena cava
Four types of veins
pulmonary vein-carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart from the lungs
systemic-carry oxygen depleted blood from the body to the right atrium of the hearth
superficial- located close to the skin surface and easily visualised
deep-located much deeper in the body and surrounded by the dysuria and organs
Compare veins and arteries
Arteries have two elastic membranes
arteries have smaller lumen
arterial walls are much thicker
Artery- how structure fits function
Strength and elasticity needed to withstand the pulsing of the blood, prevent bursting and maintain pressure wave
helps to maintain high blood pressure, preventing blood flow backwards
Capillaries- how structure fits function
No need for strong walls as most of the blood pressure has been lost
thin walls and narrow limbering blood into close contact with the body tissue amount effusion of the material across capillary and supporting tissues
white blood cells can squeeze between cells of the wall
veins-how structure fits function
no need for strong wall, most of blood pressure has been lost
wide lumen offers less resistance to blood flow
collateral blood vessels
provide alternative path for artrial bloodflow
