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MSU-CVM Histology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle

A

Contractile
Morphology - smooth, striated
Activity - voluntary, involuntary
Prefix - sarco (flesh) or myo-

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2
Q

Muscle definitions

A
  1. ) a tissue type

2. ) a specific mass of muscle tissue with an origin, insertion, and action

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3
Q

Myofiber

A

Individual muscle cell

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4
Q

Myofibril

A

Contractile elements within a myofiber

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5
Q

Muscle Morphology

A
  • can be flattened or cylindrical
  • arrangement of myofibers determines mobility/dexterity
  • epimysium, perimysium,
    endomysium
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6
Q

Epimysium

A

Upon, outermost layer

- connective tissue layer (fascia) around individual muscle

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7
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue bundles that run between muscle fascicle

-groups of many myofibers

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8
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds each individual myofiber (individual cell)

- will not be able to see grossly, difficult to make out histologically

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9
Q

Myofiber morphology

A
  • elongated
  • frequently multi-nucleated
  • filaments or fibrils (contractile elements)
    - -> actin, thin
    - -> myosin, thick (stains darker on electron micrograph)
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10
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Found on viscera

–> intestines, blood vessels, bronchi

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11
Q

Striated muscle

A

Found in heart and skeletal muscle

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12
Q

Voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle

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13
Q

Involuntary

A

Cardiac and visceral muscle

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14
Q

Skeletal muscle is ____ and ____

A

Voluntary, striated

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15
Q

Viscera is ____ and ____

A

Involuntary, non-striated

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16
Q

Cardiac is ____ and _____

A

Involuntary, striated

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • Multi-nucleated, peripheral
  • Acts as syncytium
  • Red, white, intermediate (gross)
  • Twitch or contractile speed (fast or slow)
18
Q

Skeletal muscles can regenerate because they _____

A

Have multiple nuclei located in the periphery

19
Q

Type 1 muscle fiber

A
  • –> Slow, oxidative
  • Many mitochondria
  • Large amount of myoglobin and cytochrome
  • Slow twitch = fatigue resistant
20
Q

Where are type 1 muscle fibers found?

A

Mammal limbs, migratory bird breast, marathon runners

21
Q

Type 2a muscle fiber

A
  • -> Fast, oxidative glycolytic
  • Many mitochondria, much myoglobin
  • Abundant glycogen
  • Capable of anaerobic function (glycolysis)
  • Fast twitch = fatigue resistant
22
Q

Type 2b muscle fiber

A
  • -> Fast, glycolytic fibers
  • Large fibers, “pink”
  • Less myoglobin and mitochondria than types 1 and 2a
  • Much glycogen
  • Fast twitch fatigue prone motor units
  • High lactic acid production
23
Q

Type 2a fibers are found in _____ and type 2b fibers are found in ____

A

Gazelles, cheetas

24
Q

Myofibrils

A

Bundles of myofilaments (actin, myosin)

  • Provide striations
  • Sarcomere: Z line to Z line
25
Q

Sarcomere components

A
  • A band: dark, mostly myosin, center of sarcomere
  • I band: light, mostly actin
  • M line: center of A band, point of myosin attachment
  • Z line: actin filaments attach between adjacent sarcomeres
  • H band: between actin filaments
26
Q

Muscle contraction (sarcomere component)

A

Myofilaments remain the same length

  • Increase interdigiation
  • H and I zones get smaller, A band remains
27
Q

Muscle contraction regulation

A

Controlled by calcium!

  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum (cisterna, holds calcium)
  • Transverse tubular system
  • Tropomyosin, troponin, etc
28
Q

Transverse tubules

A

Invagination of the plasma membrane that causes calcium release upon depolarization

29
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A
  • Axon and myofiber
    • -> motor endplate (synapse)
  • neuron + myofiber = motor unit
  • Acetyl choline = neurotransmitter
30
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • Striated, involuntary
  • Central nuclei
  • Intercalated disks
  • Spontaneous rhythmic contraction
  • Permanent cells (scar tissue formation upon death)
31
Q

Intercalated disks

A

Where cardiac cells join

  • tightly adhered
  • NOT found in skeletal muscle!
32
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • Elliptical, fusiform cells
  • No cross-striations
  • Actin/myosin contractile elements
  • No T tubular system
  • Involuntary
33
Q

What are the intermediate filaments of actin/myosin

A

Desmin and vimentin

34
Q

Can smooth muscle contract rapidly?

A

No, lacks T tubular system

35
Q

Leiomyo

A

Prefix for smooth muscle

36
Q

Involuntary components of smooth muscle

A
  • Autonomic control (epi, NE, Ach)
  • Calcium –> calmodulin –> myosin
  • Stretch
37
Q

What type of contraction does smooth muscle perform?

A

Sustained contraction

  • aka latch state
  • slow, prolonged
38
Q

Where is smooth muscle located?

A

GI, bronchioles, vessels, repro

39
Q

Skeletal summary

A
  • Striated
  • Voluntary
  • Peripheral nuclei
  • 1, 2a, 2b
  • AcH
40
Q

Cardiac summary

A
  • Striated
  • Involuntary
  • Central nuclei
  • Intercalated disks
  • AcH - slows the heart
  • NE - increases heart rate and contractility
41
Q

Smooth summary

A
  • No striations
  • Involuntary
  • ANS
  • Sustain

MSU-CVM Histology (12 decks)

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