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MSU-CVM Histology > Hemic-Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Hemic-Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical pathology aspect of the hemic-lymphatic system?

A

Blood

  • marrow
  • circulating pools
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2
Q

What is the immunologic aspect of the hemic-lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic system

  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • thymus
  • MALT
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3
Q

Blood

A
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • platelets
  • -> blood is 8% BW
  • -> 35-45% cells = Hct = PCV (55-65% fluid)
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4
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Plasma: fluid that has not been allowed to clot
Serum: fluid that has been allowed to clot

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5
Q

You should expect to see more _____in plasma

A

Protein

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6
Q

White Blood Cells

A
  • leukocytes
  • discrete cells (no tight attachments)
  • mesodermal origin (bone marrow)
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7
Q

Granulocytes vs. agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes
- basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils
Agranulocytes
- monocytes, lymphocytes

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8
Q

Neutrophils

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

  • discrete (10-12 microns)
  • lobed nucleus, “non-stain” granules
  • chemotaxis, amoeboid motility
  • variable amount of cytoplasm
  • first responders - make pus
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9
Q

Neutrophils are associated with ______

A

Bacterial infections

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10
Q

Eosinophils

A
  • discrete (10-12 microns)
  • bi-lobed nucleus, “red” granules
  • chemotaxis, amoeboid motility
  • variable amount of cytoplasm
  • associated with parasites and allergic reactions
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11
Q

Basophils

A
  • extremely rare (found in less than 1% of leukocytes)
  • discrete (10-12 microns)
  • lobed nucleus/basophilic granules
  • function = unclear
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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A
  • discrete (10-12 microns)
  • large central nucleus (spherical and rigid)
  • minimal to moderate cytoplasm
  • thymus or bursal
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13
Q

Monocytes/macrophages

A
  • discrete (15-25 microns)
  • large bean shaped nucleus
  • moderate to abundant cytoplasm
  • professional phagocytes
  • associated with granulomas!!
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14
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes

  • discrete 3-5 microns
  • cellular fragments
  • anuclear
  • derived from megakaryocytes
  • bags of clotting factors
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15
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Immune system

  • widely distributed: surface (mucosa) oriented, internal surveillance
  • closely aligned with cardo/blood
  • many cell types
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16
Q

Lymphatic vessles

A

Resemble veins –> carry lymph

  • drain excess tissue fluid
  • afferent lead to lymph nodes
  • efferent leave lymph nodes
  • thoracic duct empties lymph back into circulation
17
Q

Lymph node function

A
  • small, encapsulated organs
  • along lymphatic vessels
  • filter (surveillance) lymph
  • phagocytosis/ immune response
18
Q

Lymph node structure

A 
Afferent/efferent
- capsule
- hilus
Cortex
Medulla
- cords
- sinuses (site of filtration)
Trabeculae
- DCT from capsule
- adjacent sinus
19
Q

Afferent lymph vessels enter the node thru the _____

A

Capsule

20
Q

Cortex

A

Nodules (germinal centers)

node does NOT equal nodule

21
Q

Cells of the cortex

A
  • reticular cells (collagen and reticular fibers)
  • dendritic cells: Ag presenters and T areas
  • macrophages: phagocytes, Ag-present
  • follicular dendritic cells: B areas (folls)
22
Q

Reticular fibers allow organ to _____

A

Stretch/relax depending on workload

23
Q

High endothelial venules

A

Fluid resorption

Circulating lymphs

24
Q

Thymus

A
  • lymphoepithelial organ
  • anterior mediastinum/thoracic inlet
  • natural regression
  • T lymphocyte development
  • “sweet breads”
25
Q

Thymus is ______ due to high lymphocyte content

A

Basophilic

26
Q

Thymic architecture

A
  • capsule

- trabeculae –> lobules

27
Q

Thymic cells

A
  • thymocytes: developing T lymphocytes
  • epithelioreticular cells
  • macrophages (APC)
28
Q

Hassall’s corpuscles

A
  • distinct feature of medulla

- keratinized rings

29
Q

Blood-thymus barrier

A
  • endothelium
  • macrophages
  • type 1 epithelioreticular cells
30
Q

Spleen

A
  • abdomen, held in place by splenic ligament
  • oval, round, triangular
  • filters, “stores” and remove blood
  • antigen processing
31
Q

Where is the spleen located in ruminants?

A

Tightly adhered to left portion of the rumen

32
Q

Spleen components

A
  • fibromuscular capsule and trabeculae
  • hilus/splenic ligament
  • red pulp/white pulp
33
Q

Red pulp

A
  • filtration/degradation
  • macrophages for surveillance
  • possible extramedullary hematopoeisis if bone marrow becomes compromised
34
Q

White pulp

A
  • numerous lymphocytes
  • central artery (branch of splenic artery)
  • nodules

MSU-CVM Histology (12 decks)

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