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MSU-CVM Histology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system is ____

A

Ductless, products are released directly into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Hormone

A

Biologic products that act on target cells

  • production vs activity relies on other systems
  • must be delivered, receptor binding specific, ability to respond
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3
Q

Steroid

A
  • cholesterol derived
  • gonadal
  • adrenocortical
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4
Q

Peptide, polypeptide, proteins

A
  • amino acid based

- thyroid, pancreas, some pituitary

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5
Q

Activity of hormone is based on _____

A

Mechanism of getting to 2nd messenger

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6
Q

Amino acid derivatives

A
  • serotonin

- bradykinin

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7
Q

Arachadonic acid derivatives

A
  • prostaglandins
  • leukotrienes
  • prostacyclins
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8
Q

Target cells

A
  • effector organs
  • receptor-mediated activity
  • cell surface “second messenger”: cAMP, diacyl glycerol, inositol triphosphate, cGMP
  • intracellular receptors: steroids (carrier proteins)
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9
Q

Negative feedback

A

If you block signal of B going to C, then C will diminish and you will have a buildup of B

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10
Q

Endocrine organs

A
  • pituitary/hypothalamus
  • pineal (3rd eye)
  • thyroids
  • parathyroids
  • adrenals
  • pancreas
  • gonads
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11
Q

Pituitary/hypothalamus

A
  • master gland
  • connected at base of brain
  • sella tursica (Turkish saddle)
  • Rathke’s pouch
  • combo of both neural and epithelial tissue
  • beneath the thalamus and above the pituitary is the hypothalamus
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12
Q

2 portions

A
  • anterior pituitary: adenohypophysis = epithelial

- posterior pituitary (neurophypophysis) = neural

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13
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A 
Pars distalis: have control over entire body
- ACTH
- TSH
- FSH
- LH
- GH
Pars intermedia
- MSH
Pars tuberalis: the stalk
- ACTH, FSH, LH
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14
Q

Anterior pituitary cells

A 
Pars distalis
- acidophils (stain pink)
- basophils
- chromophobes (take up little stain)
Pars intermedia
- basophils
- chromophobes
Pars tuberalis
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15
Q

Posterior pituitary

A
  • supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
  • pars nervosa
  • infundibulum
  • hormones: oxytocin, and ADH
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16
Q

Is the posterior pituitary endocrine?

A

Techinically, no because it is not glandular, but it still releases products directly into the bloodstream

17
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • regulates pituitary function via releasing hormones

- remember: negative feedback

18
Q

Negative feedback system of the hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus releases hormone –> passes thru portal system –> impacts pars distalis, activating the adrenal gland –> TSH goes to thyroid –> thyroid hormone negatively impacts the hypothalamus

19
Q

Pineal gland

A

Aka: pineal body, epiphysis cerebri, 3rd eye (light sensitive)
- melatonin

20
Q

Endocrine pattern

A

Highly vacoulated cytoplasm

21
Q

Thyroid

A
  • bilateral anterior cervical region
  • embryologic branchial arches
  • growth and metabolism
  • hormones: T4, T3, calcitonin
22
Q

Thyroid follicles

A
  • follicular cells
  • parafollicular cells: secrete calcitonin
  • colloid: thyroglobulin
23
Q

Are there tight junctions between thyroid follicles?

A

Yes, do not want thyroglobulin leaking out without going thru a cell first

24
Q

Parathyroid glands

A 
Four
- cranial and caudal pole of each thyroid
- para = besides
Branchial arch derived (3,4)
Calcium/phosphorous metabolism
- rickets
- osteomalacia
25
Q

Parathyroid cells

A

Principal (chief) cells
- PTH
Oxyphil cells
- acidophilic cytoplasm

26
Q

Adrenal glands

A
  • bilateral
  • cranial medial pole of kidney
  • sometimes called “suprarenal”
  • dual embryologic origin: cortex (epithelial, steroids), medulla (postganglionic sympathetic, catecholamines)
27
Q

Adrenal glands are ____ in the cortex and _____ in the medulla

A

Dark; light

- opposite of lymph nodes

28
Q

Adrenal cortex zones

A 
Zona glomerulosa
- aldosterone
Zona fascicularis
- glucocorticoids
Zona reticularis
- glucocorticoids
- androgens
29
Q

Adrenal medulla

A 
Chromaffin cells
- modified post-synaptic sympathetic neurons
Secrete to blood stream
- norepinephrine
- epinephrine
30
Q

Pancreas Islets

A

Langerhans

  • insulin (beta cells)
  • glucagon (alpha cells)
  • somatostatin (D cells)

MSU-CVM Histology (12 decks)

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