Muscles 2 Flashcards
Whats ATP used for in muscle contraction?
ATP is hydrolysed for energising X-bridges.
Also powers Ca2+ATPase
What does fatigue depend on?
Fibre type
Length of contraction
Fitness
What can cause fatigue in high-intensity short duration exercise?
- rise in [K+] causes depolarisation and conduction failure
- Rise in [lactic acid] acidifies proteins
- Rise in [adp] & [Pi] inhibits X-bridge cycle, delaying myosin detachment from actin filaments.
What can cause fatigue in long-term, low intensity exercise?
- drop in muscle glycogen
- drop in blood glucose
- Dehydration
Central command fatigue?
Cerebral cortex cannot excite motor neurons
What characterises skeletal msucle fibre types?
Whether theyre fast or slow shortening
Whether they use oxidative or glycolytic ATP forming pathways.
Whats different about oxidative fibres?
More mitchondria
More vascularisation
Myoglobin for O2 delivery
Red fibres small diameter
Whats different about glycolytic fibres?
Few mitochondria
more Glycolytic enzymes & glycogen
Low blood supply
White fibres with large diameters
What are 3 muscle fibre types?
Slow oxidative (I) - resist fatigue Fast oxidative (IIa) - some resistance to fatigue Fast Glycolytic (IIb) - Fatigue quickly
What is muscle fibre recruitment?
An increase in the number of active motor units
What causes muscle fibre recruitment?
And icnrease in load
In what order are muscle fibres recruited?
I
then IIa
Then IIb
How does exercise type determine the type of fibres you have?
Anaerobic exercise increases glycolysis and fibre diameter
Aerobic exercise increases mitochondria and vascularisation
What is differnet about smooth muscle?
No striATIONS
Innervated by ANS not the Somatic NS
Mononucleate
Where is smooth muscle found?
Hollow organs