Foundations in Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are involved in innate immunity?

A

MAcrophages

Neutrophils

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2
Q

What cells are involved in adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphocytes

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3
Q

What are the 3 sectors of the immune system?

A
  • Physical Barriers
  • Phagocytic Cells
  • Soluble factors
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4
Q

What physical barriers are part of the innate immune system?

A
  • Tight junctions between epithelia

- Mucous Membranes

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5
Q

What occurs to neutrophils after phagocytosing?

A

They DIE!

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6
Q

What are the primary lympoid organs?

A
  • Thymus
  • Bone marrow
  • Foetal Liver
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7
Q

Whats the function of primary lymphoid organs?

A

Producing & maturing lymphocytes

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8
Q

Whats the function of secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

Maintaining lymphocytes
Filtering lymph
Initiating immune responses

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9
Q

Where are some secondary lymphoid tissues?

A
  • Lymph Nodes

- Spleen

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10
Q

What are the fundamental properties of the adaptive immune system?

A
  • Specificity
  • Diversity
  • Memory
  • Recruitment of other defence mechanisms
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11
Q

What do B cells differnetiatie to?

A

PLasma cells

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12
Q

What do palsma cells do?

A

Synthesise antibodies

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13
Q

What part of an antibody binds to the antigen?

A

Antibody paratope binds to antigen epitope

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14
Q

What are antigens?

A

Proteins able to evoke an immune response by reactin with immune products

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15
Q

How many serum proteins make yp the complement sustem?

A

25

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16
Q

What happens to serum proteins in the complement system?

A

The 25 serum proteins are activated & assembled into function units

17
Q

What 3 things can complement proteins do?

A

Recruit inflammatory cells
Pathogen opsonisation
Lysis

18
Q

What non-specific humoral factors are involved in the innate immune system?

A
  • complement proteins
  • lysins
  • growth inhibitors
  • enzyme inhibitors
19
Q

What are the 3 different activation pathways of the complement system?

A
  • Classical
  • Lectin
  • Alternative
20
Q

Which complement pathway links the inante & adaptive immune system?

A

The classical

21
Q

What complement proteins are chemoattractants?

A

C3a & C5a

22
Q

What do complement proteins form to attack pathogens?

A

MAC

Membrane attack complexes

23
Q

What are natural killer cells?

A

Simlilar to lymphocytes & phagocytes

24
Q

How do NK cells kill?

A
  • Secrete perforin then form a MAC to drill holes into the cell. Then secrete enzymes.
  • Use Fas protein to sinal the cell to commit suicide
25
Q

How do B cells reconise antigens?

A

Via BCR which is surface IgM

26
Q

How do T cells recognise antigens?

A

T cells need to be shown the protein antigen associated with MHC

27
Q

Whats differnet amount a secondary immune resonse to a primary?

A
  • LArger
  • Faster
  • Qualitively different.
28
Q

What do B cells need to produce antibodys?

A
  • Kill & present antigens

- Then interact with a T cell recogniszing those antigens

29
Q

what part of an antigen do B cells detect/bind to?

A

Epitopes