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Physiology > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What connects muscles to bone?

A

tendons

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2
Q

A band

A

dark band & thick filaments

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3
Q

H zone

A

thick filaments only

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4
Q

M line

A

links thick filaments

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5
Q

I band

A

light band & thin filaments

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6
Q

Z line

A

links thin filaments

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7
Q

What is the contractile protein?

A

Actin

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8
Q

What is the structure of thin filament?

A

actin, tropomyosin, troponin

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9
Q

What regulates skeletal muscle contraction?

A

Ca2+ binding to troponin

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10
Q

What is the structure of thick filament?

A

myosin tail toward M line, myosin head toward I band, has myosin binding sites

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11
Q

What is titin?

A

provides structural support & elasticity, anchors thick filaments between M line & Z line

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12
Q

How do muscles generate force?

A

crossbridge cycling

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13
Q

How are muscle contractions regulated?

A

excitation-contraction coupling

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14
Q

How do mycoytes provide ATP to drive cross bridge cycling?

A

muscle cell metabolism

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15
Q

Sliding-Filament model

A

thick & thin filaments overlap & slide past each other; neither of them shorten
A band stays the same length
I band, H zone, sarcomere shortens

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16
Q

What is a twitch?

A

contraction in a muscle fiber in response to a single action potential

17
Q

What happens during latent period of a twitch?

A

excitation-contraction coupling

18
Q

What happens during contraction phase of a twitch?

A

crossbridge cycling

19
Q

What happens during relaxation phase of a twitch?

A

Ca2+ reuptake

20
Q

What are the contractile elements of a twitch?

A

sarcomeres

21
Q

What do contractile elements generate?

A

active tension

22
Q

What are the series elastic elements of a twitch?

A

connective tissue & tendons

23
Q

What do series elastic elements generate?

A

passive tension

24
Q

What factors affect the force generated by individual muscle fibers?

A

number of crossbridges per sarcomere
diameter of fiber
stimulation frequency
intracellular Ca2+ concentration
length of fiber

25
Q

What is optimal length?

A

length where fiber has maximum overlap of thick & thin filament, max crossbridge formation, & length where fiber can develop greatest tension

26
Q

What factors affect the force generated by whole muscles?

A

motor unit size
motor unit recruitment

27
Q

How is velocity of shortening calculated?

A

shortened distance (mm)/ change in time (msec)

28
Q

What are fast fibers?

A

myosin with fast ATPase activity
contract & relax faster

29
Q

What are slow fibers?

A

myosin with slow ATPase activity

30
Q

Which muscle types are involuntary?

A

smooth & cardiac

31
Q

What is smooth muscle innervated by?

A

autonomic nervous system

Physiology (11 decks)

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