Endocrine System Flashcards
Primary Endocrine Organs
hypothalamus
thymus
pancreas
gonads
any glands
Secondary Endocrine Organs
heart
liver
stomach
kidney
skin
small intestine
Which hormones act on the pituitary?
most hypothalamic hormones
Posterior pituitary actions
take up hormones released by the hypothalamus
Which hormones does anterior pituitary release?
secretes..
prolactin, TSH, ACTH, GH, LH, FSH
Which hormones does hypothalamus release?
PRH, PH, TRH, CRH, GHRH, GHIH, GnRH
Which hormones does posterior pituitary release?
oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone
What secretes melatonin?
pineal gland
What two hormones regulate metabolism?
T3 & thyroxine
What regulates calcium levels in the blood?
calcitonin
What does the parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
increases calcium levels in the blood
What does the thymus secrete?
thymosin
What does thymosin do?
regulators T-cell function
What are the hormones of the adrenal gland?
(anything ending in “corticoid”)
aldosterone
cortisol
androgens
What are the secretory cells in the adrenal medulla?
chromaffin cells
How do secretions enter the digestive tract?
via the pancreatic duct
How can blood hormone levels be controlled?
secretion rate, hormone transport in the blood, clearance rate
What does hyposecretion mean?
too little
What does hypersecretion mean?
too much
Antagonistic
two hormones have opposite effects
Additive
two hormones have same effect, net effect is equal to the sum of the individual effects
Synergistic
two hormones have the same effect, net effect is greater than the sum of the two
Permissive
one hormone is needed for another hormone to work
