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exam 2 > Muscle-carpal tunnel, LBP, Lupus > Flashcards

Muscle-carpal tunnel, LBP, Lupus Flashcards

1
Q

What is a key aspect of patient education for preventing carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Increasing protein intake
B. Ergonomic evaluation of the workstation
C. Reducing water intake
D. Avoiding any exercise

A

B. Ergonomic evaluation of the workstation

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2
Q

Which action should be avoided to prevent further compression of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Using shoulder bags
B. Using wheeled bags
C. Carrying heavy handbags with hands
D. Taking frequent breaks

A

C. Carrying heavy handbags with hands

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3
Q

What is an important component of post-operative care after carpal tunnel release surgery?
A. Complete immobilization
B. Active and passive range of motion exercises
C. Bed rest for one month
D. Avoidance of any hand use

A

B. Active and passive range of motion exercises

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3
Q

Which medication can be used to treat neuropathy in carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
B. Vitamin D
C. Calcium supplements
D. Iron supplements

A

A. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

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3
Q

When is surgical evaluation for carpal tunnel syndrome recommended?
A. After one week of symptoms
B. For mild, intermittent symptoms
C. For unremitting symptoms despite conservative management
D. As the first line of treatment

A

C. For unremitting symptoms despite conservative management

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4
Q

Which physical examination finding is indicative of chronic carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Swelling of the thenar region
B. Atrophy of the thenar space
C. Redness of the fingers
D. Nail discoloration

A

B. Atrophy of the thenar space

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4
Q

What part of the body does carpal tunnel syndrome primarily affect?
A. Elbow
B. Wrist and hand
C. Shoulder
D. Knee

A

B. Wrist and hand

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4
Q

What factor is NOT associated with the etiology of carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Wrist trauma
B. Repeated wrist flexion or extension
C. High calcium diet
D. Hormonal imbalances

A

C. High calcium diet

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5
Q

What is a common conservative management strategy for carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Bed rest
B. Splints and NSAIDs
C. Surgery
D. Radiation therapy

A

B. Splints and NSAIDs

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5
Q

What are the two maneuvers commonly used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Tinel’s sign and Phalen’s maneuver
B. Allen’s test and Tinel’s sign
C. Phalen’s maneuver and Allen’s test
D. MRI and X-ray

A

C. Phalen’s maneuver and Allen’s test

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5
Q

Which of the following is a common subjective complaint in patients with SLE?
A. Weight gain
B. Decreased appetite
C. Joint stability
D. Increased energy level

A

B. Decreased appetite

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5
Q

What characterizes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
A. Constant symptoms without remission
B. Periods of remission and exacerbation
C. Only mild symptoms
D. Only life-threatening symptoms

A

B. Periods of remission and exacerbation

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6
Q

What test is definitive for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. X-ray
B. MRI
C. Median nerve conduction velocity studies
D. Blood tests

A

C. Median nerve conduction velocity studies

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7
Q

What is a common symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Pain and numbness in the median nerve distribution
B. Swelling of the entire arm
C. Pain in the lower back
D. Headache

A

A. Pain and numbness in the median nerve distribution

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8
Q

What is an essential diagnostic marker for SLE, although nonspecific?
A. Elevated ANA (Antinuclear Antibody)
B. Low ESR
C. Low CRP
D. Elevated hemoglobin

A

A. Elevated ANA (Antinuclear Antibody)

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9
Q

Which of the following is a criterion for the diagnosis of SLE?
A. Presence of only one joint with arthritis
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Bradycardia

A

B. Hemolytic anemia

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9
Q

What is a characteristic skin finding in SLE?
A. Hives
B. Erythema nodosum
C. Malar butterfly rash
D. Psoriasis

A

C. Malar butterfly rash

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10
Q

Which type of medication might be used for aggressive SLE symptoms?
A. High-dose corticosteroids
B. Low-dose aspirin
C. Insulin
D. Proton pump inhibitors

A

A. High-dose corticosteroids

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10
Q

Which drug is often associated with drug-induced lupus?
A. Aspirin
B. Ibuprofen
C. Procainamide
D. Metformin

A

C. Procainamide

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10
Q

What is the standard of care for managing SLE symptoms?
A. Antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine
B. Long-term use of antibiotics
C. Daily use of opioids
D. Blood transfusions

A

A. Antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine

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11
Q

How often should SLE patients on medication be followed up?
A. Once a year
B. Twice a year
C. Four times a year
D. Only during exacerbations

A

C. Four times a year

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12
Q

Which of the following malignancies is NOT associated with a higher rate in SLE patients?
A. Lymphoma
B. Breast cancer
C. Prostate cancer
D. Cervical cancer

A

C. Prostate cancer

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13
Q

Which specialist is most appropriate for managing SLE pharmacologically?
A. Cardiologist
B. Neurologist
C. Rheumatologist
D. Endocrinologist

A

C. Rheumatologist

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14
Q

Which assessment finding may be noted in a patient with SLE during a cardiac exam?
A. Distended jugular veins
B. Tachycardia
C. S3 heart sound
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds

A

A. Distended jugular veins

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14
Q

What should be avoided by SLE patients during an acute exacerbation?
A. Rest
B. Physical activity
C. Hydration
D. NSAIDs

A

B. Physical activity

15
Q

Which non-pharmacologic method is important for supporting SLE patients?
A. Acupuncture
B. Diet modification
C. Chemotherapy
D. Radiation therapy

A

B. Diet modification

15
Q

What type of rash is commonly associated with discoid lupus?
A. Erythema multiforme
B. Scarring and highly inflammatory lesions
C. Vesicular rash
D. Maculopapular rash

A

B. Scarring and highly inflammatory lesions

16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for SLE?
A. Photosensitivity
B. Malar rash
C. Evidence of renal disease
D. Elevated cholesterol levels

A

D. Elevated cholesterol levels

17
Q

Which of the following medications is used for joint inflammation and pain in SLE patients?
A. Antibiotics
B. NSAIDs
C. Antivirals
D. Antifungals

A

B. NSAIDs

18
Q

How does job satisfaction correlate with low back pain risk?
A. Higher job satisfaction increases the risk of low back pain.
B. Job satisfaction has no impact on low back pain risk.
C. Low job satisfaction increases the risk of low back pain.
D. Only physical factors influence low back pain risk.

A

C. Low job satisfaction increases the risk of low back pain.

18
Q

Which of the following is a common cause of low back pain related to occupation?
A. Long periods of standing
B. Minimal physical exertion
C. High job satisfaction
D. Repetitive twisting and lifting

A

D. Repetitive twisting and lifting

18
Q

Which patient-related factor increases the risk of low back pain?
A. Being underweight
B. Obesity
C. Regular exercise
D. Low height

A

B. Obesity

19
Q

Which of the following is a psychosocial factor associated with higher rates of chronic low back pain?
A. High levels of job satisfaction
B. Depression and anxiety
C. Active social life
D. Regular physical activityy

A

B. Depression and anxiety

19
Q

What is the primary definition of acute low back pain?
A. Pain persisting for less than six weeks
B. Pain persisting for more than six weeks
C. Pain located only in the upper back
D. Pain that does not improve with rest

A

B. Pain persisting for more than six weeks

20
Q

Which occupations are most likely to experience low back pain due to prolonged vibration exposure?
A. Office workers
B. Truck drivers
C. Retail employees
D. Medical professionals

A

B. Truck drivers

20
Q

Which lifestyle factor has been shown to increase the risk of low back pain?
A. High water intake
B. Smoking
C. Regular stretching
D. Proper ergonomic

A

B. Smoking

21
Q

Which of the following occupational risks is associated with an increased risk for low back pain?
A. Long-distance running
B. Lifting, pulling, and pushing heavy objects
C. Office work with minimal physical activity
D. Occasional heavy lifting

A

B. Lifting, pulling, and pushing heavy objects

21
Q

When discussing the patient’s history of previous back pain treatment, what is important to note?
A. The patient’s blood type
B. The medications used and their effectiveness
C. The patient’s favorite foods
D. The patient’s marital status

A

B. The medications used and their effectiveness

21
Q

What additional symptoms should be evaluated when assessing a patient with low back pain?
A. Skin rash
B. Urinary frequency, urgency, retention, or incontinence
C. Eye discomfort
D. Ear pain

A

B. Urinary frequency, urgency, retention, or incontinence

22
Q

When assessing the history of low back pain, what is important to determine?
A. If the pain is similar to or different from previous episodes
B. The patient’s daily water intake
C. The patient’s work schedule
D. The patient’s family medical history

A

A. If the pain is similar to or different from previous episodes

23
Q

Which symptom associated with low back pain should be assessed for potential neurological involvement?
A. Increased appetite
B. Weight gain
C. Paresthesia, numbness, and weakness
D. Increased thirst

A

C. Paresthesia, numbness, and weakness

24
Q

What aspect of low back pain should be evaluated to understand the impact of different activities?
A. The patient’s dietary habits
B. The effect of sitting, coughing, sneezing, and straining on pain
C. The patient’s favorite hobbies
D. The patient’s sleep schedule

A

B. The effect of sitting, coughing, sneezing, and straining on pain

25
Q

Which factor is important to discuss regarding the characteristics of low back pain?
A. The patient’s diet
B. Aggravating and relieving factors
C. The patient’s exercise routine
D. Family history of back pain

A

B. Aggravating and relieving factors

26
Q

When assessing the mode of onset for low back pain, which of the following should be considered?
A. Whether the pain is acute or chronic
B. If the pain is located in the upper or lower back
C. Whether the pain was abrupt or insidious in onset
D. The patient’s occupation

A

C. Whether the pain was abrupt or insidious in onset

27
Q

Which management strategy is NOT recommended for acute low back pain?
A. Bed rest for more than 2 days
B. Staying active
C. Using NSAIDs for pain relief
D. Applying heat or massage

A

A. Bed rest for more than 2 days

28
Q

What imaging is most appropriate for evaluating soft tissue conditions like herniated discs?
A. X-ray
B. CT scan
C. MRI
D. Ultrasound

A

C. MRI

29
Q

Which is considered a red flag when evaluating low back pain.
A. Pain relieved by rest
B. Fever for more than 48 hours
C. Pain only after exercise
D. Minor discomfort when sitting

A

B. Fever for more than 48 hours

30
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of Waddell’s signs for low back pain?
A. Superficial tenderness
B. Distracted straight-leg raising
C. Pain elicited by axial loading
D. Consistent motor function

A

D. Consistent motor function

31
Q

Which symptom is associated with neurological involvement in low back pain?
A. Increased appetite
B. Paresthesias and numbness
C. Weight gain
D. Increased thirst

A

B. Paresthesias and numbness

31
Q

What is the purpose of performing a straight-leg raise test?
A. To measure range of motion
B. To confirm radiculopathy
C. To check for muscle atrophy
D. To assess cardiovascular health

A

B. To confirm radiculopathy

32
Q

Which of the following patient-related factors is NOT a risk for low back pain?
A. Obesity
B. Smoking
C. Poor posture
D. Low protein diet

A

D. Low protein diet

33
Q

Which occupational risk is NOT commonly associated with low back pain?
A. Lifting
B. Pushing
C. Reading
D. Sitting for an extended period of time

A

C. Reading

34
Q

What does the “iceberg” concept in low back pain management refer to?
A. Visible symptoms are the most critical
B. Focus solely on pharmacological treatment
C. Addressing underlying psycho-social and lifestyle issues
D. Immediate surgical intervention

A

C. Addressing underlying psycho-social and lifestyle issues

35
Q

What is the typical duration of acute low back pain?
A. Less than 1 week
B. Less than 4 weeks
C. Less than 6 weeks
D. Less than 8 week

A

C. Less than 6 weeks

36
Q

Which lifestyle modification is NOT advised for preventing low back pain?
A. Maintaining appropriate activity
B. Avoiding smoking
C. Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle
D. Proper lifting techniques

A

C. Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle

37
Q

What is important to educate patients about when delaying diagnostic testing for low back pain?
A. Testing is never necessary
B. Explaining when testing is appropriate and why it’s being delayed
C. Testing should always be done immediately
D. Diagnostic tests are harmful

A

B. Explaining when testing is appropriate and why it’s being delayed

38
Q

Which exercise is beneficial for preventing low back pain?
A. Avoiding all physical activities
B. Back strengthening exercises
C. High-impact aerobic exercises
D. Only cardio exercises

A

B. Back strengthening exercises

39
Q

What role does the APRN play in the management of low back pain?
A. Prescribing medication only
B. Supporting patients through psycho-social aspects
C. Referring patients to specialists immediately
D. Performing surgeries

A

Answer: B. Supporting patients through psycho-social aspects

40
Q

What should be included in the education of patients to prevent low back pain?
A. Encouraging a sedentary lifestyle
B. Maintenance of a healthy weight
C. Using heavy weights during lifting exercises
D. Limiting physical activity to a minimum

A

B. Maintenance of a healthy weight

41
Q

What is an important aspect of educating patients about smoking in relation to low back pain prevention?
A. Telling patients to quit smoking
B. Educating in the form of smoking cessation
C. Ignoring the smoking habits of patients
D. Advising patients to reduce smoking gradually

A

B. Educating in the form of smoking cessation

42
Q

Which of the following is NOT a recommended preventive measure for low back pain?
A. Proper lifting and body mechanics
B. Maintenance of a healthy weight
C. Smoking cessation
D. Prolonged bed rest

A

D. Prolonged bed rest

exam 2 (9 decks)

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