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cards chest pain Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of angina typically occurs at rest and is associated with severe coronary artery disease?
A. Stable angina
B. Unstable angina
C. Variant angina
D. Prinzmetal’s angina

A

C. Variant angina

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2
Q

Which type of MI involves ST-segment elevation on ECG?
A. NSTEMI
B. STEMI
C. Stable angina
D. Unstable angina

A

B. STEMI

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3
Q

What is the first-line treatment for stable angina?
A. Aspirin
B. Nitroglycerin
C. Long-acting nitrates
D. Calcium channel blockers

A

B. Nitroglycerin

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4
Q

What medication is crucial in the acute management of STEMI?
A. Aspirin
B. Beta-blockers
C. NTG
D. IV thrombolytics

A

D. IV thrombolytics

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5
Q

Which of the following is a symptom of pericarditis?
A. Exertional chest pain
B. Pain relieved by rest
C. Pleuritic chest pain
D. Radiating pain to the back

A

C. Pleuritic chest pain

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5
Q

What is a characteristic ECG finding in anterior MI?
A. ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V4
B. ST-segment depression in leads II, III, aVF
C. T-wave inversion in leads V1–V3
D. Hyperacute T waves in leads V5, V6

A

A. ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V4

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6
Q

What is a diagnostic criterion for pericarditis?
A. ST-segment elevation on ECG
B. New Q waves on ECG
C. Increased troponin levels
D. Elevated BNP levels

A

A. ST-segment elevation on ECG

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6
Q

Which of the following is a common cause of pericarditis?
A. Hypertension
B. Viral infection
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D. Peripheral artery disease

A

B. Viral infection

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7
Q

What is the first-line treatment for pericarditis?
A. Antibiotics
B. Anticoagulants
C. NSAIDs
D. Beta-blockers

A

C. NSAIDs

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8
Q

What diagnostic test is essential in evaluating chest pain suspected of ACS?
A. MRI
B. Echocardiogram
C. Cardiac catheterization
D. Troponin levels

A

D. Troponin levels

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9
Q

. Which demographic group is most commonly affected by pericarditis?
A. Children
B. Adults aged 20–50 years
C. Elderly
D. Adolescents

A

B. Adults aged 20–50 years

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10
Q

What symptom distinguishes pericarditis from ACS?
A. Radiating pain to the arms
B. Pain relieved by nitroglycerin
C. Pain aggravated by lying down flat
D. Continuous chest pressure

A

C. Pain aggravated by lying down flat

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11
Q

Which medication is used for pain relief in pericarditis?
A. Opioids
B. NSAIDs
C. Antibiotics
D. Anticoagulants

A

B. NSAIDs

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12
Q

What is a characteristic finding on physical exam in pericarditis?
A. Murmur
B. Pericardial friction rub
C. Elevated jugular venous pressure
D. S4 heart sound

A

B. Pericardial friction rub

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13
Q

What is the primary goal of management in ACS?
A. Pain relief
B. Preventing myocardial damage
C. Reducing heart rate
D. Lowering blood pressure

A

B. Preventing myocardial damage

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14
Q

What is a common complication of untreated pericarditis?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Cardiac tamponade
C. Ventricular fibrillation
D. Ischemic stroke

A

B. Cardiac tamponade

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15
Q

. Which ECG finding is indicative of myocardial ischemia?
A. ST-segment elevation
B. Prolonged QT interval
C. T-wave inversion
D. Narrow QRS complex

A

C. T-wave inversion

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16
Q

What is the role of echocardiogram in ACS?
A. Assessing coronary artery patency
B. Measuring troponin levels
C. Monitoring cardiac output
D. Visualizing wall motion abnormalities

A

D. Visualizing wall motion abnormalities

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17
Q

Which medication class is commonly used to prevent recurrent episodes of stable angina?
A. Calcium channel blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Beta-blockers
D. Diuretics

A

C. Beta-blockers

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18
Q

What is a risk factor for developing variant angina?
A. Hypertension
B. Smoking
C. Hyperlipidemia
D. Coronary artery spasm

A

B. Smoking

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19
Q

Which diagnostic test is used to confirm the diagnosis of pericarditis?
A. Troponin levels
B. Echocardiogram
C. Chest X-ray
D. Cardiac catheterization

A

B. Echocardiogram and C. Chest X-ray

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20
Q

. What is the management strategy for unstable angina in a primary care setting?
A. Immediate referral to a cardiologist
B. Administration of aspirin and NTG
C. Initiation of statin therapy
D. Daily monitoring of blood pressure

A

B. Administration of aspirin and NTG

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21
Q

Which condition should be ruled out in a patient presenting with pleuritic chest pain?
A. Pneumothorax
B. Acute pancreatitis
C. Gallbladder disease
D. Appendicitis

A

A. Pneumothorax

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22
Q

What is the primary concern in the management of STEMI?
A. Preventing recurrence of angina
B. Restoring coronary blood flow
C. Reducing inflammation
D. Controlling blood pressure

A

B. Restoring coronary blood flow

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23
Q

What symptom distinguishes stable angina from ACS?
A. Pain relieved by rest
B. Pain lasting more than 20 minutes
C. Diaphoresis
D. Nausea and vomiting

A

B. Pain lasting more than 20 minutes

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24
Q

What is the role of high-sensitivity troponin tests in ACS?
A. Assessing myocardial oxygen demand
B. Monitoring for recurrent angina
C. Detecting myocardial injury
D. Measuring cardiac output

A

C. Detecting myocardial injury

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24
Q

. What is the initial treatment for pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade?
A. NSAIDs
B. Diuretics
C. Pericardiocentesis
D. Beta-blockers

A

C. Pericardiocentesis

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24
Q

Which ECG change is indicative of posterior MI?
A. ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V4
B. ST-segment depression in leads V1-V3
C. Hyperacute T waves in leads V5, V6
D. Tall R waves in V1–V4

A

B. ST-segment depression in leads V1-V3

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25
Q

What diagnostic test confirms the presence of pericardial effusion?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Echocardiogram
C. CT angiography
D. Cardiac MRI

A

A. Chest X-ray
B. Echocardiogram

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26
Q

. What is the primary goal of treatment in pericarditis?
A. Reducing myocardial oxygen demand
B. Relieving pain and inflammation
C. Preventing thromboembolic events
D. Lowering blood pressure

A

B. Relieving pain and inflammation

27
Q

. What is the initial pharmacological treatment for ACS in a primary care setting?
A. Long-acting nitrates
B. Heparin
C. IV thrombolytics
D. Aspirin

A

D. Aspirin

28
Q

What is the first-line medication for managing an acute episode of stable angina?
A. Beta-blockers
B. Aspirin
C. Nitroglycerin
D. Statins

A

C. Nitroglycerin

28
Q

Which diagnostic test is essential in evaluating ACS?
A. MRI
B. Echocardiogram
C. Cardiac catheterization
D. Troponin levels

A

C. Cardiac catheterization

28
Q

Which symptom is often associated with stable angina?
A. Pain at rest
B. Pain lasting more than 20 minutes
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Pain relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

A

D. Pain relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

29
Q

What distinguishes unstable angina from stable angina?
A. Pain relieved by nitroglycerin
B. Pain occurring predictably with exertion
C. Pain that is new or changed in pattern
D. Pain lasting less than 5 minutes

A

C. Pain that is new or changed in pattern

29
Q

Which ECG finding is indicative of myocardial ischemia?
A. ST-segment elevation
B. Prolonged QT interval
C. T-wave inversion
D. Narrow QRS complex

A

C. T-wave inversion

29
Q

Which diagnostic test is used to confirm myocardial infarction (MI)?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Complete blood count (CBC)
C. Electrocardiogram (EKG)
D. Urinalysis

A

C. Electrocardiogram (EKG)

29
Q

. For which condition is subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) prophylaxis recommended?
A. Chronic kidney disease
B. Prosthetic heart valves
C. Hypertension
D. Diabetes mellitus

A

B. Prosthetic heart valves

29
Q

. Which physical exam finding is suggestive of endocarditis?
A. Cyanosis
B. Systolic murmur
C. Pitting edema
D. Splinter hemorrhages

A

D. Splinter hemorrhages

29
Q

Which EKG finding is indicative of a STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction)?
A. ST-segment depression
B. T-wave inversion
C. Q-wave formation
D. ST-segment elevation

A

D. ST-segment elevation

29
Q

. What is the preferred prophylactic antibiotic for high-risk dental procedures?
A. Penicillin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Metronidazole

A

B. Amoxicillin

29
Q

What diagnostic test is used to visualize vegetation on heart valves?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Echocardiogram
C. Electrocardiogram (EKG)
D. CT scan

A

B. Echocardiogram

30
Q

Which microorganism is commonly associated with infective endocarditis?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Helicobacter pylori

A

B. Staphylococcus aureus

30
Q

What physical exam finding may be present in a patient with myocardial infarction?
A. S1 and S2 heart sounds
B. Carotid bruits
C. S3 or S4 heart sounds
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds

A

C. S3 or S4 heart sounds

30
Q

Which symptom is commonly associated with infective endocarditis?
A. Rash
B. Fever and chills
C. Constipation
D. Weight gain

A

B. Fever and chills

30
Q

What is the first-line treatment for infective endocarditis?
A. Oral antibiotics
B. Empiric IV antibiotics
C. Antifungal therapy
D. Steroids

A

B. Empiric IV antibiotics

31
Q

What criteria are used to diagnose infective endocarditis?
A. Modified Wells criteria
B. Duke criteria
C. Ranson’s criteria
D. Centor criteria

A

B. Duke criteria

32
Q

Which finding is a minor criterion for infective endocarditis?
A. Positive blood culture for typical microorganisms
B. Fever greater than 38°C
C. New murmur
D. Osler’s nodes

A

B. Fever greater than 38°C

33
Q

. What is the most common cause of pericarditis?
A. Bacterial infection
B. Idiopathic/viral infection
C. Fungal infection
D. Parasitic infection

A

B. Idiopathic/viral infection

34
Q

What is a typical symptom of pericarditis?
A. Sharp pleuritic chest pain
B. Abdominal pain
C. Jaw pain
D. Numbness in the extremities

A

A. Sharp pleuritic chest pain

35
Q

Which diagnostic test is used to confirm pericarditis?
A. Electrocardiogram (EKG)
B. Chest X-ray
C. MRI
D. CT scan
E. Echocardiogram
F. All

A

F. All the above

36
Q

What is a common cause of secondary pericarditis?
A. Diabetes
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Hypertension
D. Hypothyroidism

A

B. Myocardial infarction

37
Q

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for pericarditis?
A. Elevated troponin levels
B. New widespread ST elevation or PR depression on EKG
C. Elevated cholesterol levels
D. Elevated blood glucose levels

A

B. New widespread ST elevation or PR depression on EKG

38
Q

What is the typical duration for NSAID treatment in pericarditis management?
A. 1 week
B. 2 to 4 weeks
C. 4 to 6 weeks
D. 6 to 8 weeks

A

B. 2 to 4 weeks

38
Q

Which condition requires inpatient admission for pericarditis management?
A. Mild pericarditis
B. Controlled pain with oral agents
C. Evidence of large pleural effusions
D. No evidence of cardiac tamponade

A

C. Evidence of large pleural effusions

38
Q

What inflammatory markers can be assessed to help diagnose pericarditis?
A. ESR and CRP
B. BUN and creatinine
C. AST and ALT
D. Hemoglobin and hematocrit

A

A. ESR and CRP

39
Q
  1. What complication occurs in about 60% of pericarditis cases?
    A. Cardiac tamponade
    B. Pericardial effusion
    C. Myocardial infarction
    D. Heart failure
A

B. Pericardial effusion

40
Q

Which condition is less likely to cause cardiac tamponade in pericarditis?
A. Viral pericarditis
B. Bacterial pericarditis
C. Tuberculosis-related pericarditis
D. Neoplasm-related pericarditis

A

A. Viral pericarditis

41
Q

How many of the four criteria are needed to diagnose pericarditis?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

A

B. Two

42
Q

What other physical finding may be present in a patient with pericarditis?
A. Loud heart sounds
B. Distant heart sounds
C. Murmur
D. Continuous rumbling

A

B. Distant heart sounds

43
Q

How can you differentiate between a pleural rub and a pericardial rub?
A. Have the patient stand up
B. Have the patient lie down
C. Have the patient lean forward and hold their breath
D. Have the patient drink water

A

C. Have the patient lean forward and hold their breath

44
Q

What sound is characteristic of a pericardial friction rub?
A. Low-pitched rumble
B. High-pitched, scratchy, squeaky, crunchy sound
C. Continuous humming
D. Musical murmur

A

B. High-pitched, scratchy, squeaky, crunchy sound

45
Q

Where should you auscultate to assess for a pericardial friction rub?
A. Right sternal border
B. Left sternal border or midclavicular line
C. Base of the heart
D. Apex of the heart

A

B. Left sternal border or midclavicular line

46
Q

Which cardiac condition would you assess for pericarditis during a physical exam?
A. Bradycardia
B. Sinus tachycardia
C. Atrial fibrillation
D. Ventricular fibrillation

A

B. Sinus tachycardia

47
Q

What positional change can make pleuritic chest pain worse in pericarditis?
A. Standing upright
B. Lying supine or sitting very tall
C. Leaning forward
D. Sitting down

A

B. Lying supine or sitting very tall

48
Q

Which actions can provoke pleuritic chest pain in pericarditis?
A. Eating and drinking
B. Resting and sleeping
C. Swallowing, inspiration, and cough
D. Walking and exercising

A

C. Swallowing, inspiration, and cough

49
Q

To which areas can pleuritic chest pain radiate in pericarditis?
A. Lower back and legs
B. Neck, jaw, shoulder, and trapezius
C. Abdomen and pelvis
D. Upper arms and wrists

A

B. Neck, jaw, shoulder, and trapezius

50
Q

Where is pleuritic chest pain typically located in pericarditis?
A. Right precordial area
B. Substernal or left precordial area
C. Lower abdominal area
D. Upper back

A

B. Substernal or left precordial area

51
Q

How long can pleuritic chest pain last in pericarditis?
A. Minutes
B. Hours to days
C. Seconds
D. Weeks to months

A

B. Hours to days

52
Q

. How quickly does pleuritic chest pain typically onset in pericarditis?
A. Gradually over days
B. Abrupt onset over 5 to 10 minutes
C. Gradually over weeks
D. Suddenly during exercise

A

B. Abrupt onset over 5 to 10 minutes

53
Q

In the context of pericarditis, what does “pleuritic” refer to?
A. Pain that worsens with swallowing
B. Pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing
C. Pain that improves with exercise
D. Pain that radiates to the back

A

B. Pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing

54
Q

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with pericarditis?
A. Myalgias
B. Malaise
C. High fever
D. Pleuritic chest pain

A

C. High fever

55
Q

Which of the following symptoms might a patient with pericarditis report if it is infectious in nature?
A. Chest tightness
B. Exercise intolerance
C. Dizziness
D. Rapid weight gain

A

B. Exercise intolerance

56
Q

What is a common cause of secondary pericarditis?
A. Diabetes
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Hypertension
D. Hypothyroidism

A

B. Myocardial infarction

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