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cards endocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of infection is infectious endocarditis?
A. Viral
B. Bacterial or fungal
C. Parasitic
D. Protozoal

A

B. Bacterial or fungal

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2
Q

Which blood culture isolates are commonly found in infectious endocarditis?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus
C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

B. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus

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3
Q

What is a risk factor for developing endocarditis?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Recent tooth extraction
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Hypertension

A

B. Recent tooth extraction

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4
Q

Which symptom is commonly reported by patients with endocarditis?
A. Hemoptysis
B. Fever
C. Weight gain
D. Night sweats

A

B. Fever

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5
Q

Which cardiac sign may be noted on exam in a patient with endocarditis?
A. Decreased heart sounds
B. New murmur
C. Jugular vein distension
D. Bradycardia

A

B. New murmur

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6
Q

Which renal complication is associated with endocarditis?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Hematuria
C. Renal colic
D. Nephrotic syndrome

A

B. Hematuria

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7
Q

. What is a common gastrointestinal symptom of endocarditis?
A. Constipation
B. Vomiting
C. Diarrhea
D. GERD

A

B. Vomiting

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8
Q

Which CNS symptom may occur in a patient with endocarditis?
A. Dizziness
B. Seizures
C. Vertigo
D. Tinnitus

A

B. Seizures

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9
Q

Which ocular presentation is associated with endocarditis?
A. Conjunctivitis
B. Roth spots
C. Cataracts
D. Glaucoma

A

B. Roth spots

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10
Q

. What are Osler nodes?
A. Painful raised lesions on palms and soles
B. Flat macular lesions on the trunk
C. Painless nodules on the back
D. Red streaks on the limbs

A

A. Painful raised lesions on palms and soles

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11
Q

Which skin presentation is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions on the palms or soles?
A. Janeway lesions
B. Erythema nodosum
C. Petechiae
D. Vitiligo

A

A. Janeway lesions

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12
Q

What imaging study is specifically used to look at the heart valves in endocarditis?
A. MRI
B. Echocardiogram
C. CT scan
D. Ultrasound

A

B. Echocardiogram

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13
Q

What is the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis according to the Modified Duke criteria?
A. Positive blood cultures with typical microorganisms
B. Fever greater than 38°C
C. Presence of splinter hemorrhages
D. Elevated white blood cell count

A

A. Positive blood cultures with typical microorganisms

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14
Q

What is the initial empiric treatment for endocarditis?
A. Oral amoxicillin
B. IV vancomycin or Unasyn
C. Oral doxycycline
D. IV ceftriaxone

A

B. IV vancomycin or Unasyn

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15
Q

For how long is IV antibiotic therapy typically administered for Staphylococcus-related endocarditis?
A. 1-2 weeks
B. 2-4 weeks
C. 4-6 weeks
D. 6-8 weeks

A

B. 2-4 weeks

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16
Q

What surgical indication may be considered for endocarditis with native valve involvement?
A. Valvular stenosis resulting in heart failure
B. Mild aortic regurgitation
C. Hypertension
D. Arrhythmia

A

A. Valvular stenosis resulting in heart failure

17
Q

Which condition warrants surgery for endocarditis?
A. Mobile vegetations greater than 10 mm
B. Elevated ESR
C. Positive blood cultures
D. Recurrent emboli despite antibiotics

A

D. Recurrent emboli despite antibiotics or A. Mobile vegetations greater than 10 mm

18
Q

What follow-up measure is recommended after completing antibiotic therapy for endocarditis?
A. Regular blood glucose monitoring
B. Daily dental hygiene and regular dental visits
C. Weekly chest X-rays
D. Monthly EKGs

A

B. Daily dental hygiene and regular dental visits

19
Q

When should antibiotic prophylaxis be administered before a procedure for high-risk endocarditis patients?
A. 2-3 hours before the procedure
B. 1 hour before the procedure
C. 30-60 minutes before the procedure
D. 24 hours before the procedure

A

C. 30-60 minutes before the procedure

20
Q

Which antibiotic is preferred for endocarditis prophylaxis in patients who are not allergic to penicillin?
A. Clindamycin
B. Azithromycin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Vancomycin

A

C. Amoxicillin

21
Q

In addition to heart block, which complication of infective endocarditis may warrant surgery?
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Ventricular fibrillation
C. Abscesses or destructive penetrating lesions
D. Pulmonary edema

A

C. Abscesses or destructive penetrating lesions

22
Q

Surgery may be considered for infective endocarditis caused by which type of organisms?
A. Gram-negative bacteria
B. Fungi or highly resistant organisms
C. Viruses
D. Parasites

A

B. Fungi or highly resistant organisms

23
Q

Surgery may be indicated for patients with native valve endocarditis in which condition?
A. Mild mitral regurgitation
B. Aortic regurgitation with hemodynamic evidence of elevated LV pressures
C. Asymptomatic valvular stenosis
D. Non-severe pulmonary hypertension

A

B. Aortic regurgitation with hemodynamic evidence of elevated LV pressures

24
Q

How often are blood cultures checked during antibiotic therapy for endocarditis?
A. Every 12 hours
B. Every 24-48 hours
C. Every 72 hours
D. Weekly

A

B. Every 24-48 hours

25
Q

When is the start date for antibiotic therapy determined in the treatment of endocarditis?
A. The day symptoms begin
B. The day blood cultures are taken
C. The day blood cultures turn negative
D. The day antibiotics are administered

A

C. The day blood cultures turn negative

26
Q

How long is the typical IV antibiotic course for Enterococcus-related endocarditis?
A. 1-2 weeks
B. 2-4 weeks
C. 4-6 weeks
D. 6-8 weeks

A

C. 4-6 weeks

27
Q

How long is the typical IV antibiotic course for Staphylococcus-related endocarditis?
A. 1-2 weeks
B. 2-4 weeks
C. 4-6 weeks
D. 6-8 weeks

A

B. 2-4 weeks

28
Q

Which condition might indicate surgery for infective endocarditis?
A. Stable angina
B. Mild heart block
C. Complicated heart block
D. Chronic bronchitis

A

C. Complicated heart block

exam 2 (9 decks)

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