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histology > muscle > Flashcards

muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Movement in the body is accomplished by specialized cells called

A

muscle fiber

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2
Q

responsible for locomotion or movement of the body

A

muscle tissue

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3
Q

muscle tissue is highly specialized to contract because muscle cells contain ____

A

contractile myofilaments in cytoplasm

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4
Q

muscle tissue is present in

A

walls of tubular organs, muscle organs, heAART

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5
Q

a basic tissue specialized for contraction and transmission of impulses in aid of that contraction.

A

muslce

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6
Q

an extreme example of specialization and differentiation

A

muscle

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7
Q

things common to all muscle types

A

contraction is due to actin and myosin filaments and it is an all or none response
origin is from embryonic mesoderm
specialization caused the loos of ability to divide

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8
Q

the force of contraction of muscles is transmittes through

A

a network of collagenous fibers

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9
Q

Anatomic MUSCLES are bundles of individual cells called

A

myofibers

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10
Q

what composes myofibers

A

contractile myofibrils

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11
Q

organizational classification that make up muscle

A

sarcomere-myofilaments-myofibril-myofiber-muscle

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12
Q

myofilaments are organized into ___

A

sarcomeres

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13
Q

s the basic unit of contraction

A

sarcomere

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14
Q

major component of muscle tissue

A

cells

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15
Q

a term used for the combined plasmalemma and basal lamina

A

sarcolemma

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16
Q

the cytoplasm of myofiber

A

sarcoplasm

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17
Q

the endoplasmic reticulum of a myofiber

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q

a form of smooth ER, is associated with the release of calcium ions needed for contraction

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q

comprised of contractile proteins such as
actin and myosin.

A

myofilaments

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20
Q

Connective tissue proper which
immediately surrounds a muscle fiber
forming a “basketwork” around individual
cells is

A

endomysium

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21
Q

surrounds a bundle of fibers within a
muscle.

A

perimysium

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22
Q

dense irregular connective tissue which surrounds the entire muscle.

A

epimysium

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23
Q

classification of muscle cell based on function

A

voluntary and involuntary

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24
Q

a muscle cell under the control of the conscious will

A

voluntary

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25
Q

intrinsically contractile, involuntary where it responds to autonomic and hormonal stimuli and specialized for slow, prolonged contraction

A

smooth myocytes

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26
Q

this type of muscle cell is surrounded by a basal lamina except at its junction with another cell

A

smooth myocyte

27
Q

smooth muscle cells uses this to communicate

A

gap junctions

28
Q

It has fusiform or spindle-shaped cell with tapered ends and wide middle containing a centrally located oval nucleus with 15-20 microns wide and 0.2-0.5 mm in length

A

smooth myocyte

29
Q

Sarcoplasm does not show a banding pattern like the skeletal and cardiac myocytes because the
myofilaments are arranged differently.

A

smooth muscle

30
Q

One distinguishing physiological feature of smooth myocyte is

A

its ability to secrete ct matrix

31
Q

In the walls of blood vessels and the uterus in particular, smooth muscle fibers secretes ____

A

large amount of collagen and elastin

32
Q

are long (up to 50 cm) and cylindrical (about
100um um diameter) with blunt ends

A

skeletal muscle cell

33
Q

the middle nad terminal part of this cell have the same size, and individual cells are surrounded by a basement membrane

A

skeletal muscle cell

34
Q

contains many small dark oval nuclei located in the peripheral area of the cytoplasm

A

skeletal muscle cell

35
Q

the muscle cell where the cytoplasm presents cross-stiations oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cell

A

skeletal muscle cell

36
Q

the primary distinguishing feature of muscle tissue

A

convertion of chemical to mechanical energy and heat (atp to enrgy and heat)

37
Q

the surrounding cell membrane of muscle is called the

A

sarcolemma

38
Q

the intercellular substance of the muscle is composed of

A

collagenous ct with some elastic fiber

39
Q

the force of contraction is transmitted through ____

A

connective tissue

40
Q

this is composed of A (dark) bands which contains thick myosin and thin actin filaements

A

sarcometre

41
Q

it contains thin actin filaments that are located on both ends of a bands

A

i band (light or isotropic)

42
Q

a narrow light zone that bisects the a bands represents the gap between the free ends of the actin filaments

A

h band

43
Q

dark lines that bisect i bands and represents the peripheral limits of one sarcomere and the site where the actin filaments of one sarcomere are attached t

A

z band

44
Q

what connects one sarcomere to another sarcomere

A

cross bridges

45
Q

3 classification of the functional state of the sarcomere

A

relaxed, contracted, stretched

46
Q

these sarcomeres have myosin filaments (a band) in the middle and the actin filaments (i band) eztends from z line to the middle of the sarcomere

A

relaxed

47
Q

describe the relaxed state of sarcomeres in transverse

A

1 myosin is surrounded by a hexagon of actin filaments

48
Q

contraction accdg to the sliding filament hypothesis occurs when

A

the cross bridges alternately disconnects and reconnect the myosin filaments to a new sites along the actin filaments

49
Q

have actin filament overextend from their original relaxed position and almost slide away from myosin filaments

A

stretched sarcomeres

50
Q

the distinct clumps of fine pink dots in the cytoplasm that represent the cut surface of myofibrils

A

fields of cohnheim

51
Q

processes that involves some degree of mobility or contraction

A

mitosis, phagocytosis, amoeboid migration of wbc into extravascular tissue

52
Q

state of sarcomere where the i band diminishes in length but a band does not

A

contracted

53
Q

the energy for contraction is provided by

A

atp breakdown to adp

54
Q

the h band is almost wide almost obliterating a banf

A

stretched

55
Q

transverse section o fstretched sarcomere

A

skeletal myocyte is polygonal in outline with dark blue, triangular nuclei at the periphery

56
Q

3 types of myocyte

A

cardiac, red skeletal, white skeletal

57
Q

red, smaller, and has more mitochondrial s

A

red skeletal

58
Q

slow twitch, less tension and high endurance

A

red skeletal

59
Q

white, larger, dast twitches, more tension but easily fatigued

A

white skeletal myocyte

60
Q

involuntary and striated with more mitochondria

A

cardiac myocytes

61
Q

cardiac myoscyte is found in the

A

myocardium of the heart

62
Q

ordinary vs special cardiac myocyte

A

ordinary is much smaller, elongated and branched. has one or two centrally located oval nuclei. while special is larger and wider

63
Q

transverse of ordinary cardiac

A

polygonal with centrally located round or ovoid nucleu and cytoplasm shows fields of cohnheim

histology (11 decks)

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