connective tissue Flashcards
3 elements of ct
cell
fiber
noncellular matrix material
classification of ct
embryonal and adult
2 types under embryonal ct
mucoid ct
mesenchymal ct
the unspecialized mesodermal tissue
mesenchymal ct
these ct are stellate or spindle shaped with cytoplasmic processes that eventually transform jnto various adult cell types
mesenchymal ct
a more advanced stage of mesenchymal ct
mucoid ct
mucoid ct is present in ____&
Wharton’s jelly of umbilical cord
comb and wattle of birds
lamina propium of omasum
principal component of mesenchymal ct
mesenchymal cells with insignificant amnt of intercellular substance and fluid
principal component of mucoid ct
intercellular substance( amorphous matrix and ground substance appears granular in proper fixation
fibril forming collagen
types 1,2,3, 5, 11
what type of collagen is predominate in ct
type 1
connect 1 tissue or organ to another
ct
minor component of mucoid ct
fine collagen and elastic fibers and cells and mesenchymal cells
prinicipal component of fibrous ct
fibers
fibrous ct is classified accdg to
fiber packing or density
fiber orientation or arrangement
fiber type
a type of fibrous ct where only the irregular form exists
loose
most common or ordinary ct in the body
loose
composed of loose array of randomly oriented collagenous, reticular and elastic fiber
loose
loose ct is found in
lamina popria
t. su mucosa of tubular organs
mesenteries
subcutis
it is where loose ct usually hypercellular and considered a diffuse lymphatic tissue
subcutis
principal component of loose ct
cells and intercellular substance
function of loose ct
strength, support, elasticity
2 classification of loos ct (cellular components)
resident and wandering cells
the normal constituents of ct and produced, grow old and die in the ct
resident cells of loose ct
what are the resident cells
fibroblast
mast cells
pericytes
fats
macrophages
mesenchymal cells
foreign body giant cells
reticular cells
derived from leukocytes themselves thay have invaded the loose ct when it is needed
transient or migrant cells
7 transient cells
plasma cells
pigment
lymphocytes
monocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
the most numerous and important resident cells of loose ct
fibroblast
shape of fibroblast
between fiber- spindle shaped
not associated with fibers- stellate
what does the fibroblast secrete
collagen and elastic precursor
they form scar tissue when monocytes are destroyed
fibroblast
how does finroblast form scar tissue
secretes collagen fibers to fill the gaps left by dead myocyte
process kf scar formation
fibrosis
fibroblast in a quisxent phase is termed
fibrocytes
phase where fibroblasg is involved in fiber maintenance insted of fiber production
quisxent phase
small spindle shaped cells that usually lie between bundles of fibers
fibrocytes
oval cells with a small oval nucleus and coarse, basophilic cytoplasmic granules containing heparin and histamin and serotonind
mast cellss
a hofmone6that is anticoagulant
heparin
component of mast cells that increases vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction
histamine
histiocytes or clasmatocytes
macrophages
very common phagocytic wandering cells in loose ct
macrophages
deals with routine contaminants as well as to clean up debris hemorrhage and dead cells
macrophages
specialized bacteria for phagocytosis
tubercle bacili
large multinucleated cells formed from fusion of monocytes or macrophages
foreign body giant cells
encloses foreign objects or debris that are too large or too resistant yo be engilfed and destroyed by single phagocyte
foreign body giant cells
adipose cells occurs singly in ____
loose ct, inactive mammary gland, dermis and hypodermis and yellow bone marrow
type kf fat cells that serve as a reserve store of energy and as a shock cushion for internal organs
white fat cells
these fat cells are long lived and do not divide so its number is fixed throughout life
white fat cells
multiocular with many small fat globules and a round nucleus with no specific position jn the cytoplasm
brown fat cells
why is brown fat cells color brown
due to the numerous mitochondria that cast a brown color to the fresh specimen
especially well developed in rodents that hibernate
brown fats
it is a thermogenic tissue. which functions is to generate heat
brown fat
found in the interscapular region of mammals and especially well developed in rats that hibernate
brown fat cells
They are difficult to identify in tissue sections stained with H&E. They have stellate or spindle-shaped like the mesenchymal cells and therefore difficult to differentiate from the latter.
reticular cells
formation of framework (stroma) of organs and binds together smooth muscle tissue cells.
reticular cells
any cell type that occur around capillaries or small vessels where they intimately contact with the lining endothelium
pericyte
are rare in loose connective tissues but if present, it could be fibroblast that have de-differentiated
mesenchymal cells
activated B lymphocytes
plasma cells
oval in shape with eccentrically placed nucleus.
plasma cells
The nucleus presents a “clock face” appearance where the centrally located nucleolus is surrounded by clumps heterochromatin
plasma cells
plasma cell in TEM
in its active state is packed with an extensive RER, accounting for the deep basophilia of the cell
Principal producers of antibodies (immunoglobulins) that participate in the body’s humoral defense against infection
plasma cells
pigment-containing cells of loose connective tissue
pigment cells or melanocytes
pigmented loose ct where
core of iris, ciliary body, and ciliary process of eye
Present in inflammatory sites, lymphatic organs, and in the lamina propria of the GUT wall together with numerous lymphocytes. Differentiate from circulating blood connective tissue (reversible process).
plasma cells
principal component of dense connective tissue
fiber
has a coarse network of collagen fibers (with a few elastic and reticular fibers) arranged at random.
irregular dense fibrous ct
They have more fibers and fewer cells (fibroblast) than in loose connective tissue
irregular dfct
irregular dfct is found in
reticular layer of the dermis of skin and capsule of organs.
has numerous fibers run parallel to each other, an arrangement that confers tensile strength and stretch resistance.
regular dense fibrous ct
have parallel bundles of collagen fibers between columns of fibroblast as principal component
dwfct/collagenous ct
dwfct is founf in
tendons, most ligaments and aponeurosis
have elastic fibers in parallel arrangement.
elastic ct
provides springiness and stretchability to the tissues, like the nuchal ligament and the tunica media of large arterie
elastic fibers
Sizeable defects in connective tissue are repaired by a combination of young fibroblast and capillary buds proliferating together to cover or fill in the defects. Such combination of fibroblasts and capillaries is called
granulation tissue
color of granulation tissue
pink to red due to presence of numerous capillaries
It forms the fibrous stroma of lymphatic and blood-forming organs, where some structural support is needed but collagen fibers are necessary
reticular ct
principal component of reticular ct
fine reticular fibers arranged in network
It acts like a basket that holds the cells, particularly the lymphocytes
reticular ct
It is a loose connective tissue with pigmented-containing cells
pigmented ct
pigmented ct is found in
iris, choroid and ciliary body and processes of the eye and in the connective tissue of pigmented skin
Another variant of areolar connective tissue but its principal component is adipose cel
adipose tissue
is widely distributed in the body and occurs in cluster and may be angular in shape due to pressure they exert on each other
white adipose tissue
They have a characteristic “Chicken wire appearance”.
white adipose tissue
can be found in hibernating rodents and in the intercapsular region of most young animals
vbrown adipose tissue
is a variant of loose connective tissue but its principal component includes blood cells in various stages of development and maturation. It is further classified into myeloid and lymphatic tissues.
hematopoietic tissue
produces majority of the blood cells.
myeloid tissue
2 sources of myeloid tissue
red and yellow bone marrow
have high cellular tissue blood cells in various stages of development, blood vessels and sinuses filled with erythrocytes.
red bone marrow
Located in the intertrabecular or interosseous spaces of cancellous bone and marrow cavity of developing long bone
red bone marrow
the cell easiest to identify in bone marrow
megakaryote
Principal component are white adipose cells with developing cells as minor component
yellow bone marrow
associated with bone trabeculae
yellow bone marrow
produced lymphocytes. They are associated with the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are collectively called GALT
lymphatic tissue
widely distributed in most ct and involved in allergic reaction
mast cells
this is present in many organs like lung, liver, and digestive and lymphatic organs
macrophages
pleiomorphic which means that their appearance varies with physiological state and activity
macrophages
have angular contour and bean shaped nucleus
macrophages
derived from circulating blood monocytes that migrate to ct
macrophages
cells are contractile having control on the size of the vascular lumen
pericyte
