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histology > cell components > Flashcards

cell components Flashcards

1
Q

s responsible for the control and mediation of cellular activities which is encoded in the
DNA macromolecules

A

nucleus

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2
Q

components of a nucleus

A

nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus

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3
Q

a dark basophilic line of demarcation between the nucleus and surrounding
cytoplasm under light microscope

A

nuclear membran

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4
Q

under tem, what separates he inner and outer membrane of the nuclear membrane

A

narrow cisterna or perinuclear space

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5
Q

this part of the nuclear membrane is continuous with the rer and its external surface is studded with ribosomes

A

outer membrane

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6
Q

when the outer and inner membrane fuse to form a diaphragm-like ____

A

nuclear pore

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7
Q

an amorphous ground substance of the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm/karyoplasm

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8
Q

in nucleoplasm, the less dense areas are not occupie dby

A

nucleolus or chromatin

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9
Q

the area of the nucleus suspended in the nucleoplasm that contains the DNA and
protein –containing ganules.

A

chromatin

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10
Q

2 types of chromatin

A

euchromatina nd heterochromatin

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11
Q

composed of dispersed chromatin (DNA) granules. The DNA is uncoiled for access during protein synthesis. It does not take stain. It is metabolically active and present is vesicular nucleus of actively secreting cells.

A

euchromatin

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12
Q

composed of densely packed chromatin (DNA) granule. The DNA is coiled into its storage form. It stains darkly and generally located along the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane and metabolically
inactive.

A

heterochromatin

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13
Q

Present in dense nucleus like that in lymphocyte.

A

chromati

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14
Q

a prominently staining, highly refractive, smooth-surfaced body that occurs in the
nucleus

A

nucleolus

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15
Q

its a small round body inside a cell nucleus, composed of protein and RNA and associated with
the formation of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

A

nucleolus

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16
Q

Under the light microscope, it appears as dark
blue dot inside the nucleus

A

nucleolus

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17
Q

under the tem, it appears as a mass of granular and fibrillar material without an enclosing membrane.

A

the nucleolus

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18
Q

serves as the site
of mRNA synthesis that facilitates the protein-making activity

A

nucleolus

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19
Q

composed of the complex of chemical compounds and structures within an animal
cell excluding the nucleus. Contains the cytosol, organelles, vesicles, and cytoskeleton

A

cytoplasm

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20
Q

he fluid component of the cell’s cytoplasm excluding organelles
and other structures. It is amorphous and homogenous. It is the medium which various formed elements
are suspended.

A

cytosol

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21
Q

hardly visible in h&e

A

formed elements

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22
Q

little organs are the living components of the cell and exhibits
characteristics of protoplasm

A

organelles

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23
Q

differentiate active from passive organelles

A

active organelles participate in various metabolic processes while passive do not and provides anchorage or support to various cellular component

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24
Q

passive organelles includes

A

centrioles, basal bodies, microbodies or peroxisomes, microtubules and filaments and fibrils

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25
Q

The outer leaflets of
the cell membrane is covered externally by a fuzzy glycoprotein a polysaccharide material they secrete called

A

cell coat or glycocalyx

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26
Q

This layer acts
as an ion trap, and helps the cells maintain normal internal levels of
ions;

A

cell coat

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27
Q

it also serves a protective function physically (resistant to
ersion) and antigenic functions

A

cell coat

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28
Q

e some degree of enzymatic activity and actually participates in
digestion in the intestine

A

cell coat

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29
Q

involved in glycogen and lipid synthesis and transport, biotransformation, and ion storage and transport.

A

smooth er

30
Q

a special SER of muscle cells used for calcium ion sequestration and subsequent transport

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

an extensive network of hollow cisterns (membranous tubules) with attached ribosomes that connect with the outer layer of the nuclear membrane

A

rough er

32
Q

e small RNA-containg dense granule that occurs freely in the cytoplasm or is
attached to the RER.

A

ribosomes

33
Q

. Free ribosomes are scattered individually or in group called

A

polysomes

34
Q

s composed of an array of flattened discoid lamellae (5-10).

A

golgi apparatus

35
Q
A
36
Q

which is less extensive in endoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth

37
Q

composed of fragmented membranous tubules

A

smooth er

38
Q

what processes occurs in the smooth er

A

fatty acid resynthesis and transport to cell borders
steroid hormone and lipoprotein synthesis
sarcoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

a special smooth er of muscle cells for calcium ion sequestration and subsequent transport

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

40
Q

cells that have high secretory activity of protein

A

neurons and pancreatic acinar cells which secretes digestive enzymes

41
Q

the forming face of the golgi apparatus in which proteins to be packaged or modified brought by transfer vesicles are attached

A

convex outer face

42
Q

maturing face of the golgi apparatus in ehich secretory vesicles with the modified product are pinched off

A

concave inner face

43
Q

participates kn the dynamic turnover of cell membrane, concentrates and packages secretory products, synthesizes polysaccharides, repository of vit c and produces lysosomes

A

golgi apparatus

44
Q

a very small organelle. only about . 1-.2 mm in diameter

A

mitochondrion

45
Q

shaped like a boat, with a smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane

A

mitochondrion

46
Q

the inner folded membrane of mitochondria is also called as the

A

cristae

47
Q

it divides the mitochondrial granules, which is a condensed calcium ion

A

cristae

48
Q

it contains enzymes for krebs cycle, citric acid cycle, ocidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation

A

mitochondria

49
Q

these are light, ovoid membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes called acid hydrolases

A

lysosome

50
Q

what enzyme is in lysosome

A

acid hydrolases

51
Q

responsible for the digestion of materials taken in by the cell, autolysis and post mortem degeneration of cells

A

lysosome

52
Q

3 types of lysosome

A

phagolysosome or heterophagic vacuole
muktivesicular vody
autophagic vacuole

53
Q

t ingests membrane-bound solid particles and after digestion, it becomes residual body and ultimately extruded by the cell

A

phagolysosome

54
Q

lysosome with ingested phagocytic vesicles

A

multivesicular

55
Q

what happens to multivesicular body after digestion

A

reverts to primary lysosome waiting to be used again

56
Q

type of lysosome that ingest degenerative cellular components

A

autophagic vacuole

57
Q

combines the protein brought by ser with carbohydrates it produces to form glycoprotein secretion

A

golgi apparatus

58
Q

packages secretpry vesicles and gives them off from its mature face

A

golgi

59
Q

it contains protein (hydrolytic enzymes) for intercellular use and ingest substances to become secondary lysosome

A

primary lysosome

60
Q

it fuses with the cell membrane during actual release of glycoprotein substance from the cell.

A

secretory vesicles

61
Q

centrioles are contained within an area of cytoplasm called __&

A

centrosphere

62
Q

each cylinder of the centrioles contain what

A

9 triplets of microtubules arranged radially

63
Q

forms the base of the cilia in ciliated cells

A

basal bodies

64
Q

similar to mitochondria but smaller

A

microbodies and peroxisomes

65
Q

it contains enzymes that oxidize toxic substances such as alcohol and prevent them from foing any harm

A

microbodies and peroxisomes

66
Q

organs which has lots of peroxisomes

A

liver and kidney

67
Q

acts as skeleton and muscle in the cell which provides shape and structure and helps in movement if organelles around the cell

A

cytoskeleton

68
Q

polymerized subunits of a special protein tubulin with a size of 20-50 mm

A

microtubules

69
Q

forms the cytoplasmic support of the cilia, flagella, and tail of the spermatid

A

microtubules

70
Q

how does the cell propel cilia, flagella, or spermatic cord to move forward or backwards

A

through contractions of microtubules

71
Q

constitutes the spindle fibers in mitotic cells where they are involved in separation of the chromosomes during karyokinesis

A

microtubules

72
Q

they move the 2 sets of chromosomes apart

A

microtubules

histology (11 decks)

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