cell components Flashcards
s responsible for the control and mediation of cellular activities which is encoded in the
DNA macromolecules
nucleus
components of a nucleus
nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus
a dark basophilic line of demarcation between the nucleus and surrounding
cytoplasm under light microscope
nuclear membran
under tem, what separates he inner and outer membrane of the nuclear membrane
narrow cisterna or perinuclear space
this part of the nuclear membrane is continuous with the rer and its external surface is studded with ribosomes
outer membrane
when the outer and inner membrane fuse to form a diaphragm-like ____
nuclear pore
an amorphous ground substance of the nucleus
nucleoplasm/karyoplasm
in nucleoplasm, the less dense areas are not occupie dby
nucleolus or chromatin
the area of the nucleus suspended in the nucleoplasm that contains the DNA and
protein –containing ganules.
chromatin
2 types of chromatin
euchromatina nd heterochromatin
composed of dispersed chromatin (DNA) granules. The DNA is uncoiled for access during protein synthesis. It does not take stain. It is metabolically active and present is vesicular nucleus of actively secreting cells.
euchromatin
composed of densely packed chromatin (DNA) granule. The DNA is coiled into its storage form. It stains darkly and generally located along the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane and metabolically
inactive.
heterochromatin
Present in dense nucleus like that in lymphocyte.
chromati
a prominently staining, highly refractive, smooth-surfaced body that occurs in the
nucleus
nucleolus
its a small round body inside a cell nucleus, composed of protein and RNA and associated with
the formation of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
nucleolus
Under the light microscope, it appears as dark
blue dot inside the nucleus
nucleolus
under the tem, it appears as a mass of granular and fibrillar material without an enclosing membrane.
the nucleolus
serves as the site
of mRNA synthesis that facilitates the protein-making activity
nucleolus
composed of the complex of chemical compounds and structures within an animal
cell excluding the nucleus. Contains the cytosol, organelles, vesicles, and cytoskeleton
cytoplasm
he fluid component of the cell’s cytoplasm excluding organelles
and other structures. It is amorphous and homogenous. It is the medium which various formed elements
are suspended.
cytosol
hardly visible in h&e
formed elements
little organs are the living components of the cell and exhibits
characteristics of protoplasm
organelles
differentiate active from passive organelles
active organelles participate in various metabolic processes while passive do not and provides anchorage or support to various cellular component
passive organelles includes
centrioles, basal bodies, microbodies or peroxisomes, microtubules and filaments and fibrils
The outer leaflets of
the cell membrane is covered externally by a fuzzy glycoprotein a polysaccharide material they secrete called
cell coat or glycocalyx
This layer acts
as an ion trap, and helps the cells maintain normal internal levels of
ions;
cell coat
it also serves a protective function physically (resistant to
ersion) and antigenic functions
cell coat
e some degree of enzymatic activity and actually participates in
digestion in the intestine
cell coat
involved in glycogen and lipid synthesis and transport, biotransformation, and ion storage and transport.
smooth er
a special SER of muscle cells used for calcium ion sequestration and subsequent transport
sarcoplasmic reticulum
an extensive network of hollow cisterns (membranous tubules) with attached ribosomes that connect with the outer layer of the nuclear membrane
rough er
e small RNA-containg dense granule that occurs freely in the cytoplasm or is
attached to the RER.
ribosomes
. Free ribosomes are scattered individually or in group called
polysomes
s composed of an array of flattened discoid lamellae (5-10).
golgi apparatus
which is less extensive in endoplasmic reticulum
smooth
composed of fragmented membranous tubules
smooth er
what processes occurs in the smooth er
fatty acid resynthesis and transport to cell borders
steroid hormone and lipoprotein synthesis
sarcoplasmic reticulum
a special smooth er of muscle cells for calcium ion sequestration and subsequent transport
sarcoplasmic reticulum
cells that have high secretory activity of protein
neurons and pancreatic acinar cells which secretes digestive enzymes
the forming face of the golgi apparatus in which proteins to be packaged or modified brought by transfer vesicles are attached
convex outer face
maturing face of the golgi apparatus in ehich secretory vesicles with the modified product are pinched off
concave inner face
participates kn the dynamic turnover of cell membrane, concentrates and packages secretory products, synthesizes polysaccharides, repository of vit c and produces lysosomes
golgi apparatus
a very small organelle. only about . 1-.2 mm in diameter
mitochondrion
shaped like a boat, with a smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane
mitochondrion
the inner folded membrane of mitochondria is also called as the
cristae
it divides the mitochondrial granules, which is a condensed calcium ion
cristae
it contains enzymes for krebs cycle, citric acid cycle, ocidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation
mitochondria
these are light, ovoid membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes called acid hydrolases
lysosome
what enzyme is in lysosome
acid hydrolases
responsible for the digestion of materials taken in by the cell, autolysis and post mortem degeneration of cells
lysosome
3 types of lysosome
phagolysosome or heterophagic vacuole
muktivesicular vody
autophagic vacuole
t ingests membrane-bound solid particles and after digestion, it becomes residual body and ultimately extruded by the cell
phagolysosome
lysosome with ingested phagocytic vesicles
multivesicular
what happens to multivesicular body after digestion
reverts to primary lysosome waiting to be used again
type of lysosome that ingest degenerative cellular components
autophagic vacuole
combines the protein brought by ser with carbohydrates it produces to form glycoprotein secretion
golgi apparatus
packages secretpry vesicles and gives them off from its mature face
golgi
it contains protein (hydrolytic enzymes) for intercellular use and ingest substances to become secondary lysosome
primary lysosome
it fuses with the cell membrane during actual release of glycoprotein substance from the cell.
secretory vesicles
centrioles are contained within an area of cytoplasm called __&
centrosphere
each cylinder of the centrioles contain what
9 triplets of microtubules arranged radially
forms the base of the cilia in ciliated cells
basal bodies
similar to mitochondria but smaller
microbodies and peroxisomes
it contains enzymes that oxidize toxic substances such as alcohol and prevent them from foing any harm
microbodies and peroxisomes
organs which has lots of peroxisomes
liver and kidney
acts as skeleton and muscle in the cell which provides shape and structure and helps in movement if organelles around the cell
cytoskeleton
polymerized subunits of a special protein tubulin with a size of 20-50 mm
microtubules
forms the cytoplasmic support of the cilia, flagella, and tail of the spermatid
microtubules
how does the cell propel cilia, flagella, or spermatic cord to move forward or backwards
through contractions of microtubules
constitutes the spindle fibers in mitotic cells where they are involved in separation of the chromosomes during karyokinesis
microtubules
they move the 2 sets of chromosomes apart
microtubules
