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Contemporary Urban Environments > Mumbai > Flashcards

Mumbai Flashcards

1
Q

True of false: Mumbai is India’s capital city.

A

Mumbai is not the capital of India however it is the largest city in India.

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2
Q

What is the population of Mumbai?

A

The population is in excess of 20 million.

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3
Q

Where is the financial and commercial centre of India?

A

Mumbai

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4
Q

What famous industry is Mumbai home to?

A

It is home to the Bollywood movie industry.

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5
Q

In which state is Mumbai located in?

A

Maharashtra

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6
Q

True or false: Mumbai is the state capital of Maharashtra.

A

This is true.

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7
Q

What type of goods does Mumbai sell?

A

It developed as a trading centre for local goods including gold, jewellery and textiles.

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8
Q

In which area of India is Mumbai located?

A

Mumbai is located on the west coast of India.

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9
Q

The arrival of what led to the establishment of the British Raj?

A

The arrival of the East India Company led to the establishment of the British Raj.

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10
Q

What type of good was shipped to England for manufacturing?

A

Raw cotton

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11
Q

When was the British Raj established?

A

It was established in the 17th century.

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12
Q

What was the geographical area of Mumbai originally like?

A

Initially Mumbai was a series of 7 islands separated by swamps.

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13
Q

What had happened to the swamps by 1845?

A

By 1845 these swaps had been filled in and Mumbai occupied one large island.

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14
Q

What type of harbour does Mumbai have?

A

It has a natural deep-water harbour.

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15
Q

Mumbai has been the main point of which sea since the opening of the Suez Canal?

A

It is the main port in the Arabian Sea.

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16
Q

When was the Suez Canal opened?

A

It was opened in 1869.

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17
Q

When did India gain independence from Great Britain?

A

1947

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18
Q

What happened to the development of Mumbai after India gained independence?

A

Mumbai developed rapidly.

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19
Q

What has changed the city’s status?

A

High-rise, modern architecture; the Bombay Stock Exchange; tarred roads and a boom in manufacturing services have improved the city’s status.

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20
Q

In 2015, what percentage of India’s income tax was made up from workers in Mumbai?

A

33%

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21
Q

True or false: in 2015, Mumbai accounted for 6.16% of India’s GDP.

A

This is true, in fact it was India’s single biggest contributor.

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22
Q

What percentage of India’s foreign trade came from Mumbai in 2015?

A

40%

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23
Q

In 2015, what percent of industrial output came from Mumbai?

A

25%

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24
Q

Is Mumbai’s populating growing or slowing?

A

It is slowing and by 2020 it is expected that it will have a population of 24 million, which will make it have the highest population density of any city in the world.

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25
Q

Has Mumbai’s population doubled or halved since 19991?

A

Mumbai’s population has nearly doubled since 19991.

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26
Q

What is responsible for the population growth?

A

Migrants from other parts of India move here for better job opportunities.

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27
Q

How many major languages of India are spoken here?

A

16 different languages- the city is very diverse.

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28
Q

What are two big issues that Mumbai needs to deal with?

A

Poverty and inequality.

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29
Q

What percent of Mumbaikers live in slums?

A

It is estimated that around 60% of Mumbaikers live in “slums”.

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30
Q

How long would the average Indian have to work for in order to pay for a luxury home in Mumbai?

A

3 centuries.

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31
Q

What is the name of one of Mumbai’s most famous slum?

A

Dharavi- this is due to the film Slumdog Millionaire.

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32
Q

Who used to inhabit this slum?

A

Koli fisherman used to inhabit this slum which was a mangrove swamp.

33
Q

What filled in the swamp?

A

Coconut leaves, rotten fish and human waste.

34
Q

What happened when the mangrove swamp was filled in?

A

The Koli people lost their fishing ground but there was more land area for others.

35
Q

Who established a potters’ colony?

A

The Kumbhars came from Gujarat to establish this potters’ colony.

36
Q

Who opened tanneries causing thousands to move to the area?

A

The Tamils.

37
Q

What industry was rapidly expanding as a result of the tanneries?

A

The textile industry.

38
Q

What is a key word that should be used to describe this city and slum?

A

Diverse

39
Q

What other industry has thrived in Dharavi?

A

Cottage industries have thrived. Dharavi is home to thousands of micro-industries.

40
Q

What cottage industries have thrived?

A

Garment making
Tannery
Welding
Potters

41
Q

How much money do these cottage industries produce annually?

A

$650m

42
Q

Despite the money what still remains poor?

A

The living and working conditions.

43
Q

What has years of government neglect resulted in?

A

Poor hygiene standards.

44
Q

Dharavi has the highest population density in the world with how many people per square kilometre?

A

300,000 per square kilometre.

45
Q

What is poor in the slums?

A

Housing quality is poor and the slums lack basic infrastructure, sometimes services such as water and electricity are not available.

46
Q

How many people share one toilet?

A

1000

47
Q

Which way has Mumbai expanded?

A

Northward

48
Q

What has this expansion meant for Dharavi?

A

This has meant that Dharavi has found itself occupying an area of prime land in the new business district of India’s richest city, making it a key area for developers who want to construct luxury apartments.

49
Q

What has the government been keen to do?

A

The government has been keen to improve the appearance and reputation of the area/

50
Q

What is the name of the government-led scheme which will provide all residents with a proof of residency since 2000 provided with a new 300 squared-foot-house for free?

A

The Dharavi Redevelopment Project

51
Q

What part of the scheme has caused controversy?

A

The main concern was that there would be a potential loss of the community networks and businesses that have been built up there.

52
Q

What type of climate does Mumbai have?

A

Mumbai has a tropical climate.

53
Q

The monsoon from which direction brings heavy rainfall to the city?

A

The monsoon comes from the south-west and brings heavy rain between June and September.

54
Q

True or false: Mumbaikers are prepared for the monsoon.

A

Yes, usually but sometimes the effects of the monsoon can be devastating as the city is mainly built on low-lying land.

55
Q

How much rain fell on the 26th July 2005?

A

944mm which is the average amount for the entire season. This was a 100 year high.

56
Q

What was shut down as a result of this flood in 2005?

A

Electricity
Water supply
Communication networks
Public transport

57
Q

How many people died because of the 2005 flood?

A

400 people died.

58
Q

How many homes were destroyed in the flood?

A

10,000

59
Q

What was the total loss to the city?

A

£1.2 billion

60
Q

What was partly to blame?

A

Urban growth because there was nowhere for the water to infiltrate due to uncontrolled development.

61
Q

What was created in response to the 2005 flooding?

A

The Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan

62
Q

What did the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan identify?

A

The risks and vulnerabilities the city could face in the future including earthquakes and cyclones.

63
Q

What did the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan also create?

A

It created the Disaster Management cell which co-ordinates relief and rescue efforts.

64
Q

What else has the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan also done?

A

It has widened and deepened the Mithi River which drains out into the Arabian Sea.

65
Q

What is concerning environmentalists?

A

Environmentalists are still concerned that there are still many factors that make Mumbai vulnerable to flooding again.

66
Q

What other factors make the city vulnerable to flooding?

A

Building on the floodplain
The removal of mangrove forests
The clogging of storm drains and waterways with plastic rubbish.

67
Q

What has the International Panel on Climate Change predicted for Mumbai?

A

Mumbai will be the second most at risk city in the world because of rising sea levels, increased rainfall, heat and humidity.

68
Q

How many cars are on Mumbai’s heavily congested roads?

A

700,000. This is a growth of 57% in 8 years and is due to an increased amount of middle-class vehicle ownership and a lack of investment into mass rapid transit systems.

69
Q

The built environment has increased by how much since 1925?

A

The built environment has increased fourfold since 1925 which has had a negative effect on green spaces such as parks and also wetlands.

70
Q

How many acres of open space is there between every 1000 people?

A

0.03 acres of open space, for London this is 12.

71
Q

Is there a recycling scheme for Mumbai?

A

Some Mumbaikers carry out informal recycling but there is no clear government separation or recycling scheme.

72
Q

How high are nitric and nitrogen oxide levels?

A

Dangerously high- over 3x the safe limit

73
Q

How many commuters use the local trains each day?

A

7.5 million

74
Q

How many metric tons of rubbish does the city of Mumbai discard of each day?

A

11,000- the landfill sites are overflowing.

75
Q

How is the housing shortage issue being tackled?

A

There are new housing projects planned to tackle the issue.

76
Q

What has the government pledged for cities like Mumbai?

A

The government has pledged that cities like Mumbai will be smarter economically and environmentally as services are stretched and there is lots of air and water pollution as well as a growth of inequality.

77
Q

What type of pressures does Mumbai face?

A

Mumbai faces considerable environmental pressures.

78
Q

Who else is trying to help?

A

NGO’s are trying to help but more investment and greater long-term planning is needed to make the city sustainable.

Contemporary Urban Environments (24 decks)

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