Mumbai Flashcards
True of false: Mumbai is India’s capital city.
Mumbai is not the capital of India however it is the largest city in India.
What is the population of Mumbai?
The population is in excess of 20 million.
Where is the financial and commercial centre of India?
Mumbai
What famous industry is Mumbai home to?
It is home to the Bollywood movie industry.
In which state is Mumbai located in?
Maharashtra
True or false: Mumbai is the state capital of Maharashtra.
This is true.
What type of goods does Mumbai sell?
It developed as a trading centre for local goods including gold, jewellery and textiles.
In which area of India is Mumbai located?
Mumbai is located on the west coast of India.
The arrival of what led to the establishment of the British Raj?
The arrival of the East India Company led to the establishment of the British Raj.
What type of good was shipped to England for manufacturing?
Raw cotton
When was the British Raj established?
It was established in the 17th century.
What was the geographical area of Mumbai originally like?
Initially Mumbai was a series of 7 islands separated by swamps.
What had happened to the swamps by 1845?
By 1845 these swaps had been filled in and Mumbai occupied one large island.
What type of harbour does Mumbai have?
It has a natural deep-water harbour.
Mumbai has been the main point of which sea since the opening of the Suez Canal?
It is the main port in the Arabian Sea.
When was the Suez Canal opened?
It was opened in 1869.
When did India gain independence from Great Britain?
1947
What happened to the development of Mumbai after India gained independence?
Mumbai developed rapidly.
What has changed the city’s status?
High-rise, modern architecture; the Bombay Stock Exchange; tarred roads and a boom in manufacturing services have improved the city’s status.
In 2015, what percentage of India’s income tax was made up from workers in Mumbai?
33%
True or false: in 2015, Mumbai accounted for 6.16% of India’s GDP.
This is true, in fact it was India’s single biggest contributor.
What percentage of India’s foreign trade came from Mumbai in 2015?
40%
In 2015, what percent of industrial output came from Mumbai?
25%
Is Mumbai’s populating growing or slowing?
It is slowing and by 2020 it is expected that it will have a population of 24 million, which will make it have the highest population density of any city in the world.
Has Mumbai’s population doubled or halved since 19991?
Mumbai’s population has nearly doubled since 19991.
What is responsible for the population growth?
Migrants from other parts of India move here for better job opportunities.
How many major languages of India are spoken here?
16 different languages- the city is very diverse.
What are two big issues that Mumbai needs to deal with?
Poverty and inequality.
What percent of Mumbaikers live in slums?
It is estimated that around 60% of Mumbaikers live in “slums”.
How long would the average Indian have to work for in order to pay for a luxury home in Mumbai?
3 centuries.
What is the name of one of Mumbai’s most famous slum?
Dharavi- this is due to the film Slumdog Millionaire.
Who used to inhabit this slum?
Koli fisherman used to inhabit this slum which was a mangrove swamp.
What filled in the swamp?
Coconut leaves, rotten fish and human waste.
What happened when the mangrove swamp was filled in?
The Koli people lost their fishing ground but there was more land area for others.
Who established a potters’ colony?
The Kumbhars came from Gujarat to establish this potters’ colony.
Who opened tanneries causing thousands to move to the area?
The Tamils.
What industry was rapidly expanding as a result of the tanneries?
The textile industry.
What is a key word that should be used to describe this city and slum?
Diverse
What other industry has thrived in Dharavi?
Cottage industries have thrived. Dharavi is home to thousands of micro-industries.
What cottage industries have thrived?
Garment making
Tannery
Welding
Potters
How much money do these cottage industries produce annually?
$650m
Despite the money what still remains poor?
The living and working conditions.
What has years of government neglect resulted in?
Poor hygiene standards.
Dharavi has the highest population density in the world with how many people per square kilometre?
300,000 per square kilometre.
What is poor in the slums?
Housing quality is poor and the slums lack basic infrastructure, sometimes services such as water and electricity are not available.
How many people share one toilet?
1000
Which way has Mumbai expanded?
Northward
What has this expansion meant for Dharavi?
This has meant that Dharavi has found itself occupying an area of prime land in the new business district of India’s richest city, making it a key area for developers who want to construct luxury apartments.
What has the government been keen to do?
The government has been keen to improve the appearance and reputation of the area/
What is the name of the government-led scheme which will provide all residents with a proof of residency since 2000 provided with a new 300 squared-foot-house for free?
The Dharavi Redevelopment Project
What part of the scheme has caused controversy?
The main concern was that there would be a potential loss of the community networks and businesses that have been built up there.
What type of climate does Mumbai have?
Mumbai has a tropical climate.
The monsoon from which direction brings heavy rainfall to the city?
The monsoon comes from the south-west and brings heavy rain between June and September.
True or false: Mumbaikers are prepared for the monsoon.
Yes, usually but sometimes the effects of the monsoon can be devastating as the city is mainly built on low-lying land.
How much rain fell on the 26th July 2005?
944mm which is the average amount for the entire season. This was a 100 year high.
What was shut down as a result of this flood in 2005?
Electricity
Water supply
Communication networks
Public transport
How many people died because of the 2005 flood?
400 people died.
How many homes were destroyed in the flood?
10,000
What was the total loss to the city?
£1.2 billion
What was partly to blame?
Urban growth because there was nowhere for the water to infiltrate due to uncontrolled development.
What was created in response to the 2005 flooding?
The Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan
What did the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan identify?
The risks and vulnerabilities the city could face in the future including earthquakes and cyclones.
What did the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan also create?
It created the Disaster Management cell which co-ordinates relief and rescue efforts.
What else has the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan also done?
It has widened and deepened the Mithi River which drains out into the Arabian Sea.
What is concerning environmentalists?
Environmentalists are still concerned that there are still many factors that make Mumbai vulnerable to flooding again.
What other factors make the city vulnerable to flooding?
Building on the floodplain
The removal of mangrove forests
The clogging of storm drains and waterways with plastic rubbish.
What has the International Panel on Climate Change predicted for Mumbai?
Mumbai will be the second most at risk city in the world because of rising sea levels, increased rainfall, heat and humidity.
How many cars are on Mumbai’s heavily congested roads?
700,000. This is a growth of 57% in 8 years and is due to an increased amount of middle-class vehicle ownership and a lack of investment into mass rapid transit systems.
The built environment has increased by how much since 1925?
The built environment has increased fourfold since 1925 which has had a negative effect on green spaces such as parks and also wetlands.
How many acres of open space is there between every 1000 people?
0.03 acres of open space, for London this is 12.
Is there a recycling scheme for Mumbai?
Some Mumbaikers carry out informal recycling but there is no clear government separation or recycling scheme.
How high are nitric and nitrogen oxide levels?
Dangerously high- over 3x the safe limit
How many commuters use the local trains each day?
7.5 million
How many metric tons of rubbish does the city of Mumbai discard of each day?
11,000- the landfill sites are overflowing.
How is the housing shortage issue being tackled?
There are new housing projects planned to tackle the issue.
What has the government pledged for cities like Mumbai?
The government has pledged that cities like Mumbai will be smarter economically and environmentally as services are stretched and there is lots of air and water pollution as well as a growth of inequality.
What type of pressures does Mumbai face?
Mumbai faces considerable environmental pressures.
Who else is trying to help?
NGO’s are trying to help but more investment and greater long-term planning is needed to make the city sustainable.
