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Geo Case Studies > Mumbai > Flashcards

Mumbai Flashcards

1
Q

location of Mumbai

A
  • West coast of India, central Asia
  • Within the Maharashtra state
  • +156km coastline
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2
Q

importance of Mumbai regionally

A
  • before used to owe wealth to colonial past, textile mills and seaport
  • since 1980s, local economy diversified - specialised tech ind.
  • lots of unskilled, informal workers
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3
Q

importance of Mumbai nationally

4

A

In India accounts for…
- 6% GDP
- 25% ind. prod.
- 60% sea trade
- 33% income tax

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4
Q

importance of Mumbai internationally

3, 2

…, TNCs

A
  • on Suez Canal shipping route
  • international airport
  • 29th largest city by GDP

home to TNCs such as..
* glaxosmithkline
* walt disney

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5
Q

causes of growth

A

natural increase
migration

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6
Q

natural increase

3

A
  • 20M ppl
  • fertility rate - 4 (1975) to 1.8 (2015) cuz of improved education and contraception availability
  • 3.37M (1991-2011)
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7
Q

migration

A
  • 38% migrants in Mumbai come from Maharashtra state - rural
  • 5.05M (1991-2011)
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8
Q

how urban growth has created social opportunities

A

access to services - health, housing and education
access to resources - water supply, energy

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9
Q

social opportunity of access to healthcare

3

infant mortality, doctors/100k, charities

A
  • infant mortality rate in urban areas is 37 but 61 in rural
  • 50 doctors/100k ppl in urban but only 5 in rural
  • charities like ‘Light of Life Trust’ offer free healthcare
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10
Q

social opportunity of access to education

A

literacy rates for an urban male in 2011 were 88.76 compared to 77.15 for a rural male.

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11
Q

social opportunity of access to water supply

A

clean drinking water and does not transmit parasites or cause cholera

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12
Q

social opportunity of housing

A

affordable housing - $31.5k per apartment.
GDP/capita - $2445

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13
Q

job opportunities in Mumbai

3,3

Mumbai accounts for … in India, HQs

A

In India accounts for…

  • 6% GDP
  • 40% foreign trade.
  • 25% ind. prod.

HQs of (in downtown South Mumbai):

  • Bombay Stock Exchange
  • Reserve Bank of India
  • Tata Group
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14
Q

job opportunities in Dharavi

4

A
  • informal economy - don’t pay tax
  • +60% ppl in Mumbai employed in informal sector
  • 85% of people have a job in the slum and work LOCALLY
  • ~16k single-room factories employing 250k ppl - contribute ~£700M to Mumbai’s economy/yr
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15
Q

how urban growth has created social challenges

3

A
  • managing urban growth - slums, squatter settlements
  • providing clean water, sanitation and energy
  • providing access to services - health and education
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16
Q

challenge of managing urban growth (slums and squatter settlements)

A

population of Dharavi is 750k - 1M
population density - +6200ppl/acre

17
Q

challenge of providing clean water

A
  • few water pipes in the slum - massive queues
  • supply switched on for 2hrs/day by city authorities
  • next to water pipes are open sewers which can crack and take in sewage
18
Q

challenge of providing sanitation

4

A
  • 1/20 people forced to use the street as toilet
  • open sewers
  • 500 people share 1 public latrine
  • doctors deal with 4k cases/day of diphtheria & typhoid
19
Q

challenge of providing health services

1, 3

population, conditions

A

most of Indian population is 0-4, ~115M. more difficult to care for

living conditions aren’t great, they make ppl susceptible to disease:
-poor quality water
-mosquitoes which thrive in nearby mangrove swamps
-dangerous jobs (There is toxic waste in the slums including hugely dangerous heavy metals)

20
Q

challenge of providing education

A

attendance rate of richest 20% is 95.7% while poorest 20% is 69.4% because many poor children help their families work rather than going to scl

21
Q

how urban growth has created economic challenges

A

reducing unemployment and crime

22
Q

challenge of reducing unemployment

4

A
  • cuz of increasing demand for skilled labour, opportunities for unskilled workers are increasingly limited and wages are low.
  • +60% ppl in Mumbai employed in informal sector
  • They earn around a £1 a day for work like rag sifting
  • annual minimum wage in India is US$700, ~half of Vietnam - US$1300
23
Q

challenge of reducing crime

A
  • slum houses have little in the way of security
  • pick pockets
  • organised begging.
24
Q

how urban growth has created environmental challenges

A

waste disposal, air and water pollution, traffic congestion.

25
Q

challenge of managing waste disposal

A

Mumbai produces 7,500 tonnes of waste/day

26
Q

challenge of managing air pollution

A

Air Quality Index (AQI) of Mumbai was rated 180 (2018) - Unhealthy
Bristol - 29

27
Q

challenge of managing water pollution

A

800M litres of untreated sewage go into Mithi River every day

28
Q

challenge of managing traffic congestion

A

more than 300 vehicles added to roads every day

Geo Case Studies (25 decks)

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