Chile & Nepal

Question 1

Chile GDP

Answer 1

38th out of 193 countries

Question 2

Nepal GDP

Answer 2

109th out of 193 countries

Question 3

Chile HDI

Answer 3

41st out of 187 countries

Question 4

Nepal HDI

Answer 4

145th out of 187 countries

Question 5

Chile earthquake magnitude

Answer 5

8.8 on the Richter scale

Question 6

Nepal earthquake magnitude

Answer 6

7.9 on the Richter scale

Question 7

epicentre of Chile earthquake

Answer 7

just off the coast of central Chile (at a destructive (subduction) plate margin (Nazca below SA plate)

Question 8

immediate aftereffects of Chile earthquake

Answer 8

tsunami warnings issued as waves raced across Pacific ocean at 800km/h

Question 9

epicentre of Nepal earthquake

Answer 9

80km NW of Kathmandu (destructive plate margin (Indo-Australian & Eurasian plate)

Question 10

immediate aftereffects of Nepal earthquake

Answer 10

earthquake was v shallow (15km below surface) - severe ground shaking & widespread landslides + avalanches

Question 11

Chile primary effects

caused by ground shaking

Answer 11

• ~500 ppl killed, 12k injured, 800k affected
• 220k homes, 56 hospitals and other public buildings destroyed
• US$30B cost

Question 12

Nepal primary effects (caused by ground shaking)

Answer 12

• 9k ppl died + 20k injured, +8M (1/3 Nepal population) affected
• 3M ppl left homeless - homes destroyed
• US$5B cost

Question 13

Chile secondary effects (landslides, tsunamis, fires)

Answer 13

• 1500km of roads dmgd mainly by landslides - remote communities cut off for many days
• several Pacific countries struck by tsunami - warnings prevented loss of life tho
• A fire at a chemical plant near Santiago - the area had to be evacuated.

Question 14

Nepal secondary effects (avalanches, landslides)

Answer 14

• avalanches of Mt. Everest killed at least 19 ppl - the greatest loss of life on the mountain in a single incident
• 250 ppl missing - avalanche in Langtang region
• landslide blocked Kali Gandaki River - many ppl evacuated in case of flooding

Question 15

comparing responses (chile)

Answer 15

• earthquakes in chile are quite common - local communities + gov were prepared & knew how to respond quickly + effectively to earthquake
• chile had the money to support ppl + rebuild

Question 16

comparing responses (nepal)

Answer 16

• earthquakes in nepal are not uncommon - scientists hv identified a pattern of large earthquakes in this region every 80yrs.
• despite these warnings and new building regulations, not enough had been done to prepare the city + its ppl

Question 17

Chile immediate responses

(Roads, power, shelters)

Answer 17

• Temporary repairs made to the important N-S Route 5 highway within 24 hours , enabling aid to be transported from Santiago to affected areas.
• Power and water restored to 90% of homes within 10 days.
• A national appeal raised US$60M - enough to build 30k small emergency shelters.

Question 18

Nepal immediate responses

(Foreign aid, helicopters, hospitals)

Answer 18

• Search and rescue teams , water and medical support arrived quickly from countries such as UK , India and China.
• Helicopters rescued many people caught in avalanches on Mount Everest and delivered supplies to villages cut off by landslides.
• Field hospitals set up to support overcrowded main hospitals.

Question 19

Chile long term responses

Answer 19

• A month after the earthquake Chile’s government launched a housing reconstruction plan to help nearly 200k households affected by the earthquake.

Question 20

Nepal long term responses

(Schools, construction, Everest)

Answer 20

• +7k schools to be rebuilt/repaired
• Stricter controls on building codes
• Tourism to be boosted - Repairs to Everest base camp and trekking routes - by Aug 2015, new routes established + mountain reopened for climbers