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psychology > multistore model of memory > Flashcards

multistore model of memory Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three main stores in the model?

A
  • sensory memory
  • short term memory
  • long term memory
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2
Q

how does information pass through the stores?

A
  • passes through in a linear way
  • information processing model (like a computer) with an input and output
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3
Q

what is the encoding in the sensory register?

A
  • one register for each sensory modality
  • visual, auditory,haptic,olfactory and gustatory
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4
Q

what is the duration of the sensory register?

A
  • limited (less than half a second)
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5
Q

what is the capacity of the sensory register?

A
  • very large (over 100 million cells in each eye storing information)
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6
Q

what is the key process, storage and retrieval of the sensory register?

A
  • key process = attention
  • storage = same format that it was received
  • retrieval = scanning
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7
Q

what study supports the existence of sensory memory?

A
  • Sperling looked at sensory memory using a tachistoscope
  • asked ppts to remember as many letters as they could from 12 symbols
  • ppts could remember 4/5 letters showing the image of the item fades
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8
Q

what is the duration of the short term memory?

A
  • 18-30 seconds
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9
Q

what is the supporting study of Peterson and Peterson?

A
  • showed people trigrams and then asked them to count backwards as a distractor task
  • any longer than 15 seconds and recall was impossible
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10
Q

what is the encoding and capacity of the short term memory?

A
  • mainly acoustic encoding
  • capacity = 7+/- 2
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11
Q

what is the key process of short term memory?

A
  • temporary store of information attended to
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12
Q

what is the encoding in long term memory?

A
  • mainly semantic
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13
Q

what is the duration and capacity of long term memory?

A
  • both are unlimited
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14
Q

what is the key process of long term memory?

A
  • material that has been rehearsed for a long time
  • when you want to recall it it can be transferred back to the STM
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15
Q

what is the study that supports the duration of long term memory?

A
  • Bahrick et al
  • 400 ppts aged 17-74
  • list names of their graduating class in free recall and photo recognition
  • within 15 years = 90% accurate for faces, 48 years = 80% verbal
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16
Q

why does displacement from the short term memory occur?

A
  • amount of information enetering the STM exceeds 7+/- 2 items it causes the old or unrehearsed information to be pushed out of STM
  • (links to primacy recency affect)
17
Q

why does information decay from the sensory store?

A
  • decays if unattended to
18
Q

how does the case of clive wearing support the multistore model?

A
  • demonstrates that the STM and LTM are different stores
  • one store was more impaired than the other so must be independent
19
Q

how does the case study of KF support the multistore model?

A
  • brain damage from a motorcycle accident
  • STM severely impaired but LTM remained intact
  • supports the idea of separate stores
20
Q

how does the case of KF refute the multistore model?

A
  • deficit in STM was for verbal information but visual material was normal
  • shows there must be different kinds of STM
21
Q

what is the study of Glanzer and Cunitz that can be used as a strength?

A
  • shows the primacy recency effect
  • ppts recalled more words from the beginning stored in STM by maintenance rehearsal
  • fewer words from the middle as they were displaced
22
Q

what is the study of De Groot that opposes the multi store model?

A
  • found that STM was really good when being used alongside the LTM
  • when LTM familiarity was removed STM got worse
  • suggests that they are linked in some way
23
Q

what is a weakness of using case studies to support the MSM?

A
  • only focus on one person for a long period of time
    hard to apply results of findings to a wider population so low generalisability
  • damage to memory occurs differently in everybody
24
Q

what is a strength of the study of squire et al who gives evidence for biological links to the stores?

A
  • supports that STM is associated with the PFC and LTM can be associated with the hippocampus
25
Q

why is the multistore model reductionist?

A
  • rehearsal too simplistic to account for transfer of information from STM to LTM
  • e.g. ignored factors such as motivation
26
Q

what is an application for eyewitness testimonies?

A
  • eyewitness testimonies may be inaccurate as if memory isnt rehearsed then it wont enter the LTM

psychology (39 decks)

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