goldstein clinical interview Flashcards
what were the aims of the study?
- to see if there were gender differences with regard to re-hospitalisation and length of stays
- social factors present before diagnosis + gender differences
- test DSM for reliability and validity
what was the sample used?
- 90 patients (58 M, 32W) mean age 24 all with high level of education
- 87 were non-Hispanic white
what was data gathered on?
- symptoms
- premorbid functioning
- course of the illness
how was data gathered on symptoms?
- gathered by trained interviewers
- questions focused on hallucinations, paranoia and anxiety
how was data gathered on premorbid functioning?
- measured by a questionnaire given by interviewers dealing with isolation, peer relationships and employment
- rated on a 6 point scale
how was data on the course of illness gathered?
- counting the number of re-hospitalisations experienced
- the duration of stay in hospitals
- data taken from hospitals 5 and 10 years after diagnosis
what were the results for mean number of re-hospitalisations over 10 years for males and females?
- males = 2.24
- females = 1.12
what were the mean number of days spent in hospital for both males and females?
- males = 417.8
- females = 206.8
what were the results of gender effect on re-hospitalisations due to premorbid functioning and social functioning?
- 13% due to premorbid functioning
- 4.3% due to social functioning
what was the conclusion?
- women had less severe experiences with Sz than men
- DSM was a reliable tool for diagnosis
- premorbid and social functioning are important factors in development of Sz
what was the agreement for re-diagnosis using the DSM3 and what technique was used?
- single blind technique
- 2 other experts diagnosed a random sample
- 169 rediagnosed
- 0.8 agreement
what is a strength of generalisability?
- sample consisted of 90 ppts (58M and 32W) aged 18-45 with a mean age of 24
- informs psychiatrists about differences in gender and premorbid functioning in Sz
what is a weakness of generalisability?
- no ppts over the age of 45 at the start of the study which may cause gender bias
- significant percentage of women who have Sz have the first episode after the age of 45
- findings about men having more severe experiences may be inaccurate
why is the study high in interrater reliability?
- 2 other experts also undertook diagnosis of a random sample
- 0.8% agreement
- Goldstein also rediagnosed herself
what is a strength of the data collected being highly objective?
- premorbid functioning measured using the GAF scale from 100-0 on ability to cope with everyday life
- also measured no. re-hospitalisations
- diagnosis of Sz more credible
what is a positive application of the study?
- women and men may need different treatment strategies or during diagnosis for the best possible outcome of recovery
what is a strength of the matched pairs design that was used?
- males and females matched on marital status, age and religion
- all from new york and had similar cultural background
- controls for ppt variables e.g. socioeconomic status wont affect the results validity
what is a strength of primary and secondary data being collected?
- primary = questionnaires
- secondary = hospital records
- triangulation can be used which gives a better insight into Sz
what was a strength of ethics?
- secondary data used which doesn’t cause any additional harm
- ethically sound and added positive implications to society to see if gender effects diagnosis
