Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
What is multiple sclerosis?(4)
Auto-immune disease
Characterised by demyelination and inflammation
Thus interrupts the action potential
What are the different types of MS?
Relapse-remitting
Primary progressive
Secondary progressive
What is the most common form of MS?
Relapse-remitting
How can MS be diagnosed?(4)
MRI
Evoked potential test
Lumbar function
Expanded disability status scale
What are the symptoms of MS?(6)
Cognitive impairment Poor balance Tremor Pain Fatigue Disability
What are the benefits of PA in MS (5)
Walking mobility Quality of life Fatigue Cognitive function Depression
What did Ranadive 2013 atherosclerosis study show?(2)
Markers of atherosclerosis are higher in those with MS
Increased markers accounted for by low PA in MS individuals
What are the mechanisms behind fatigue in MS?(2)
Decreased central motor activation
This then leads to muscle atrophy
What did a study by Golzari 2010 combination (6)
Found that a combination of resistance and aerobic training for 8 weeks
There was an increase in muscle strength and balance
Also decreased IL-17 and IFN-y
What did the study by Dodd 2011 on resistance training find?(6)
After a 10 weeks of resistance training
There was an increase in muscle strength and endurance
There were also improvements in fatigue and quality of life
However it did not improve walking performance
What did a aerobic training study by Rampello 2007 find?(3)
Found that after an 8 weeks of aerobic training
There was an increase in walking distances and speed
There was also an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness
According to Florindo 2014, which inflammatory cytokines are associated with remission in MS?(2)
IL-6 and IL-10
According to Flarindo 2014, what are the inflammatory cytokine are associated with MS?(3)
High levels of IFN-y, TNF-a and IL-17
How may regular PA reduce inflammation?(2)
Increases IL6 and IL10
Decreases TNF-a (pro-inflammatory)
Castellano 2008 endurance training cytokine study (2)
After endurance training both resting levels of IFN-y and TNF-a were elevated in MS patients
Whereas no differences in healthy matched controls
Compston 2008 MS pathogenesis cytokines
Interferon (IFN)-y and tumour necrosis factor alpha play a role in demyelination
Motl 2008 cross-sectional study cross-sectional impairment and disability (2)
Study showed that exercise capacity is inversely related to cognitive impairment and functional ability
Prakash MRI cross-sectional study (3)
Greater VO2 max was associated with grey matter volume
Indicates exercise preserve neuronal integrity
Reduce disease activity
How can functional mobility he assessed?
Walking test
