Depression

Question 1

Dunn 2005 public health dose (2)

Answer 1

The public health dose of exercise was the optimal intensity
There were no differences in frequency

Question 2

Explain the monoamine hypothesis (2)

Answer 2

Depression is caused by alterations in the metabolism of monoamines
This includes serotonin, noradrenanaline and dopamine

Question 3

Growth factor hypothesis (4)

Answer 3

Stress reduces BDNF
BDNF stimulates neurogenesis
BDNF increases hippocampal volume
This impact mood

Question 4

Explain Rasmussen 2009 BDNF exercise study (3)

Answer 4

Examined the effects of exercise BDNF levels in healthy participants
Blood samples taken from artery and vein leading to brain
There was an increase in BDNF levels during exercise

Question 5

Explain the findings from Seifert 2010 BDNF training (3)

Answer 5

After chronic endurance exercise
BDNF levels were significantly greater
In healthy participants

Question 6

Explain the findings by Krogh 2014 hippocampal (3)

Answer 6

Despite the increase in maximal oxygen uptake
There were no differences in BDNF levels and hippocampal volume
After endurance training, in depressed individuals

Question 7

Immune hypothesis (3)

Answer 7

Inflammation reduces tryptophan which reduces serotonin
Cytokine treatment has been shown to induce depressive symptoms
Inflammation reduces BDNF

Question 8

Evidence for the immune hypothesis (4)

Answer 8

Depression more prevalent in inflammation related diseases such as
Diabetes
RA
MS 
Obesity

Question 9

Explain the findings by Krabbe 2007 a study on BDNP and diabetes (3)

Answer 9

Low levels of BDNF is implicated in the pathogenesis of depression
Depression is more prevalent in those with diabetes
Study found low levels of BDNF to be associated with impaired glucose metabolism

Question 10

Explain vaccine fatigue study by Harrison 2009 (5)

Answer 10

Fatigue related to depression
Gave a vaccine to half the participants
The vaccine increased levels of IL-6
The vaccine group reprinted greater fatigue
Also action of brain regions predicted differences in inflammation-associated fatigue

Question 11

What did a study by Blumenthal 2007 find compared to meds (2)

Answer 11

Exercise is as effective as medication

There are also less side effects

Question 12

Define depression

Answer 12

Pathological stare of extreme dejection

Question 13

What is sick behaviour

Answer 13

The effects of inflammation on mood

Question 14

How can depression be diagnosed?(3)

Answer 14

Clinical diagnosis using DSM-IV
BDI
HADS

Question 15

Szuhany 2015 BDNF meta-analysis (3)

Answer 15

Indicates the both acute and regular exercise increases BDNF levels
Regular exercise increases BDNF responses
In both healthy and clinical populations

Question 16

Laske 2010 elderly women remitted depression (2)

Answer 16

Found that a single bout of exercise increased BDNF levels in elderly women with remitted depression