Anxiety

Question 1

What is panic disorder?(2)

Answer 1

An anxiety disorder

Episodic attacks of acute anxiety

Question 2

What are the physical symptoms of anxiety(3)

Answer 2

Shortness of breath
Increased skin conductance
Increased HR

Question 3

What is the most common treatment method of anxiety?

Answer 3

Behavioural cognitive therapy

Question 4

What does behavioural cognitive therapy involve?

Answer 4

Trying to change interpretations of fearful somatic sensations

Question 5

How does medication reduce anxiety?(2)

Answer 5

Binds to GABA receptors

Causes anxiolytic effect

Question 6

According to DeBoer 2012 how does exercise reduce anxiety in rats?(2)

Answer 6

Exercise increases GABA levels

Suggests decreases in anxiety due to downregulation of GABA receptors

Question 7

Explain the findings by Streer 2010 on GABA and yoga (4)

Answer 7

Found that 12 week yoga intervention produced greater anxiolytic effects and increases in GABA levels
Than a metabolically matched walking intervention
Suggest GABA anxiolytic effects maybe be special to yoga

Question 8

What is ANP?(3)

Answer 8

Atrial natriuretic peptide
Hormone that inhibits HPA activity
And may have anxiolytic properties

Question 9

Explain the study by Strohle 2006 exercise ANP(3)

Answer 9

Examine the effects of exercise on ANP and response to panic provocation
Found that exercise increased plasma ANP and reduced anxious responses
Magnitude of the reduction in anxiety was associated with increase in plasma ANP

Question 10

Explain the findings by Strohle 2010 on exercise and BDNF (4)

Answer 10

Found that patients with panic disorder had reduced BDNF levels in comparison to normal controls at baseline
Exercise increased BDNF levels in individuals with panic a disorder
BDNF levels greater following high intensity aerobic exercise

Question 11

Define anxiety

Answer 11

An unrealistic and unfounded fear

Question 12

Pretuzello 1991 meta-analysis on anxiety and exercise findings (4)

Answer 12

Found exercise to be associated with reductions in anxiety
But only aerobic exercise
Exercise of at least 21 minutes needed
Less deniers and cheaper than drug and psychotherapy

Question 13

What were the findings of Wipfli 2008 meta-analysis on anxiety and exercise?(2)

Answer 13

Exercise can be an effective treatment method for reducing anxiety
Exercising 3-4 times was the optimal frequency

Question 14

What is anxiety sensitivity?(2)

Answer 14

Precursor of panic disorder

Involves misinterpretation of anxiety-related sensations

Question 15

Explain Broman-Fulk 2004 exercise anxiety sensitivity study (5)

Answer 15

Compared the effects of high and low intensity exercise on anxiety sensitivity
Results indicated that both high and low intensity exercise reduced anxiety sensitivity
High intensity exercise more beneficial
Only high intensity exercise group reduced fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations
However psychophysical measures needed