Ageing

Question 1

Define sarcopenia?(3)

Answer 1

Syndrome characterised by loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength

Question 2

Kumar 2009 intensity dose (2)

Answer 2

MPS is dose dependant on intensity

Biggest rise in protein synthesis at 60% 1RM

Question 3

Explain the findings of Greig 2011 female resistance training study (4)

Answer 3

Adaptations to resistance training are blunted in older women
May be due to the inability to upregulate mTOR signalling after training
MTOR activate muscle protein synthesis

Question 4

What is a major risk factor for falls in the elderly?

Answer 4

Muscle weakness

Question 5

Explain the findings of Kumar 2012 study on volume (2)

Answer 5

Doubling the the volume of exercise increased muscle protein synthesis in older adults
At both low and high intensities

Question 6

What does Moore 2015 suggest about protein intake in older individuals?(2)

Answer 6

Older adults need a greater protein intake than younger people for MPS
Older individuals are less sensitive to protein intake

Question 7

What are the adverse outcomes of sarcopenia?(3)

Answer 7

Physical disability
Poor quality of life
Hip fractures

Question 8

What are some of the mechanisms behind sarcopenia?(4)

Answer 8

Muscle disuse
Inadequate nutrition
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Motor neurone loss

Question 9

What did Trabal 2015 find on leucine and strength (2)

Answer 9

Examined the effect of leucine supplementation on muscle strength
After 12 week, there were positive moderate increases in leg strength

Question 10

Esmark 2001 timing of protein supplement (2)

Answer 10

Concluded that immediate intake of protein supplement
Rather than 2hr later is required for hypertrophy to occur
In older adults

Question 11

Verdijk 2009 timing study (3)

Answer 11

Timing of protein supplementation did not further increases muscle mass and strength after restsistance training
In elderly men

Question 12

How can disease activity be measured?(2)

Answer 12

Biopsy

Body composition

Question 13

How can function be measured?(2)

Answer 13

Short physical performance battery (functional test)

Muscle strength and power

Question 14

Frontera 1991 cross-sectional study mass and strength

Answer 14

Middle aged adults had greater muscle mass and strength than older adult adults

Question 15

Lindle 1997 muscle strength study

Answer 15

Both genders experience age-related losses in muscle strength