Multicultural

Question 1

Emic vs. Etic view of people
Hint: ETic = ETernal truths about all humans
eMic= Multicultural perspec

Answer 1

Etic- assumes universal principles underly personality & psychopathology (same for all ind regardless of culture)
Emic- Culture specific view of psychology, where no one model of mental health can be applied to all

Question 2

Psychiatric problems tend to peak _ to _ years after immigration

Answer 2

1 to 3

Question 3

Enculturation

Answer 3

process of learning about one’s own culture, influenced primarily by home and family

Question 4

Berry’s Theory of Acculturation: 2 Key Factors

Answer 4

Cultural maintenance- valuing & preserving cultural id
Contact & participation-involvement with the dom culture & other cultural groups
*sees acculturation on a continuum
*test may use terms about retention of minority culture & maintenance of mainstream

Question 5

Berry’s theory of acculturation: 4 Strategies

Answer 5

1. Assimilation-person does not maintain cultural id, adopts attitudes & values of dom culture
2. Separation-person values orig culture and avoids interaction w/other cultures
3. Integration- maintain orig culture id while also interacting w/other cultures
4. Marginalization-do not maintain orig culture id and also do not interact w.other cultures

Question 6

Idioms of distress

Answer 6

refers to the “illness language” of a particular cultural group; i.e. somatic complaints, witchcraft, possession

Question 7

Somatization: ___ & ____ more often present w/stomach issues, whereas ___ may present w/cardiopulmonary sxs

Answer 7

whites; latinos

asians

Question 8

Cultural Encapsulation

Answer 8

therapist makes narrow assumptions about reality, minimizes cultural variation among individuals, resorts to technique oriented strategies, judges according to self reference cx

Question 9

Ppl of lowest SES are ____ times more likely to have a mental disorder than highest SES

Answer 9

2-3

Question 10

RR Troiden Model of Gay & Lesbian ID development

Answer 10

4 stages:

1. Sensitization- after puberty, feels diff from peers, internalizes neg self concept
2. ID Confusion- around 17 or 18; growing recogn of sexuality, also incr isolation; attempt to resolve thru denial
3. ID assumption: Inc contact w/other gays & lesbians, though still underlying neg feelings re:being gay
4. Commitment Integration of sexual id, more open about id, more open relationships

Question 11

Low Context Communication

Answer 11

meaning of the comm is what is explicitly verbalized (direct), middle class America values

Question 12

High Context Communication

Answer 12

Situation & nonverbal cues significantly affect meaning of what is verbalized, more common in Filipino, AA, Asian Am, Hispanic and Native Am cultures

Question 13

Minority Identity Development

Answer 13

Atkinson, Morton, & Sue
5 Stages:
1. Conformity
2. Dissonance
3. Resistance/Immersion
4. Introspection
5. Synergetic Articulation & Awareness/Integrative Awareness

Question 14

Black Identity Development- Jackson’s model

Answer 14

Strongly influenced by racism & oppression
4 Stages:
1. Passive acceptance
2. Active resistance
3. Redirection
4. Internalization

Question 15

Black Identity Development- Cross’ Model

Answer 15

5 stages from white frame of reference to pos. black frame of ref

1. Pre-encounter
2. Encounter
3. Immersion-emersion
4. Internalization
5. Internalization & Commitment

Question 16

Helms’ White Racial ID Dev Model

Answer 16

6 stages:

1. Contact-ignorance of racism & white privilege, timidity about ppl of color
2. Disintegration- discomfort w/advantages of being white & w/those that maintain racism; tendency to deny racism or avoid ppl of color
3. Reintegration: conscious acknowledgement of white id, but accept belief of white racial superiority
4. Pseudoindependence- actively question white supremacy, may try to disavow whiteness & assoc w/ppl of color
5. Immersion/Emersion-examine own racial id, try to replace myths w/accurate info
6. Autonomy- redefinition of being white, openness to new ways of thinking about race & culture

Question 17

Collateral Culture

Answer 17

Highly values family & social connectedness, as opposed to individualistic cultures

Question 18

Susto

Answer 18

Hisp. culture bound syndrome, “fright”

Question 19

Nervios

Answer 19

Hisp culture bound syndrome, nerves

Question 20

mal de ojo

Answer 20

Hisp culture bound syndrome, evil eye

Question 21

attaque de nervios

Answer 21

Hisp culture bound syndrome, screaming, crying, aggression, dissociation, fainting

Question 22

Hispanic idioms of distress

Answer 22

somatic complaints

Question 23

Tx recs with Hispanic clients

Answer 23

Active, problem solving
Family therapy
Personalismo- informal small talk

Question 24

Cultural paranoia

Answer 24

healthy suspiciousness based on real racism

Question 25

Isolated sleep paralysis

Answer 25

AA culture bound synd; inability to move while falling asleep

Question 26

Tx Recs w/ AA clients

Answer 26

Emph rapport early sessions, egalitarian, therapist must convey respect

Question 27

Nancy Boyd Franklin’s Multisystems approach

Answer 27

family’s struggle must be eval in environ & cultural context, recommends involvement w/systems influencing clients (church, social services, etc)

Question 28

Neurasthenia

Answer 28

Asian Am culture bound syndrome; numbness in various body parts, chronic fatigue, anxiety

Question 29

hwa-byung

Answer 29

Asian Am Culture bound syndrome- suppressed anger syndrome