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Test Flash cards > Multicellular Organisms Part II > Flashcards

Multicellular Organisms Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What is continuous variation

A

Continuous variation describes a characteristic of an animal or plant that shows a range of values between a minimum and maximum value

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2
Q

What are the examples of continuous variation

A 
Height 
Leaf length 
Tail length in mice 
Hand span 
Shell diameter
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3
Q

What is discrete variation

A

Discrete variation describes a characteristic that can be separated into distinct categories.

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4
Q

What are the examples of discrete variation

A 
Finger print 
Earlobe shape 
Tongue rolling ability 
Blood group 
Eye colour
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5
Q

What is an allele ?

A

Alleles are different forms of genes.

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6
Q

Finish this sentence

During gamete formation the chromosomes are reduced to a …

A

Single set

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7
Q

What is a genotype

A

The set of genes possessed by an organism (always written in letters)

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8
Q

What is dominant ?

A

The version of a gene that always makes the presence of a recessive allele

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9
Q

What is recessive

A

The version of a gene that always masked by the dominant allele. Requires two recessive alleles for phenotype to be expressed

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10
Q

What does homozygous mean

A

A genotype that contains two identical alleles for a particular gene.

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11
Q

What does heterozygous mean

A

A genotype that contains two different alleles for a particular gene

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12
Q

What does true breeding mean

A

When both parents have homozygous genotypes.

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13
Q

What does polygenic inheritance mean

A

When a characteristic controlled by the alleles of more than one gene

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14
Q

What does phenotype mean

A

The appearance of the physical characteristic (e.g. Blue eyes)

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15
Q

What is a xylem

A

It is a dead cell in plants. It is a hallow tube with rings of lignin. It transports of water and minerals from the soil. Also provides support.

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16
Q

What is a phloem

A

It transports sugar in all directions in plants. It is a living cell.

17
Q

What do sieves plates do

A

They are end walls with pores, which allows rapid transport of sugar.

18
Q

What do cytoplasm strands do

A

They help move sugar from one sieve tube to another

19
Q

What is a cuticle, what is its feature and function

A

Cuticle - waxy layer, protects and waterproofs

20
Q

Epidermis, what is its feature and function

A

Epidermis - close fitting cells, it protects

21
Q

Mesophyll, what is its feature and function

A

Mesophyll - contain many chloroplasts, major site of photosynthesis.

22
Q

Vein, what is its feature and function

A

Tubes made of xylem & phloem, transport water & sugar

23
Q

Guard cell, what is its feature and function

A

Changes shape, open and close stomata pores.

24
Q

Stomata, what is its feature and function

A

Found in the leaf, pore, allows evaporation of water and gas exchange

25
Q

Explain the leaf structure

A

In leaves, water molecules move from the xylem vessels, in the leaf vein, into the surrounding cells. They move through the spongy Mesophyll layer by osmosis down a concentration gradient.

26
Q

Why do plants need minerals

A

Plants use minerals from the soil to build the complex molecules they need to survive and grow. Poor plant growth may be due to a deficiency of one or more minerals

27
Q

What is osmosis

A

It is the diffusion of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration to a selectively permeable membrane. Water enters root hair cells by osmosis.

28
Q

What is required for a healthy growth and development

A

A balanced diet
Suitable growing conditions
Water
Vitamins and minerals

29
Q

What is transpiration

A

How water is lost through the stomata in the leaf

30
Q

Why do plants need transportation in plants

A

Plants need transport systems in order to move water and dissolves flood from one part of the plant to another.

31
Q

What does a balanced diet contain

A

A balanced diet contains a mixture of foods from all the Amis food groups

32
Q

Why are vitamins and minerals needed.

A

Vitamins and minerals are needed to keep the body healthy

33
Q

Why do we need suitable growing conditions

A

Animals require the correct environment, shelter and care in order to grow and develop healthy

34
Q

What is water considered to be

A

Water is considered to be the most important nutrient fro healthy growth and development.

35
Q

What are the two types of variation

A

Continuous variation

Discrete variation

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