Multicellular Organisms (Biology)

Question 1

What are the positive impacts on society with stem cells

Answer 1

Saves burnt patients life
Embryonic stems cells may lead to Bildungsroman new hearts - save lives
Reducing animal testing

Question 2

What are the negative impacts on society with stem cells

Answer 2

Skin transplants can’t grow hair and can’t sweat

Embryonic stem cells are controversial some people believe it’s killing a human life

Question 3

What are stem cells

Answer 3

Stem cells are relatively unspecialised/ undifferentiated cells that have the ability to reproduce into a diverse range of specialised cells

Question 4

What type of cell can the stem cell divide into

Answer 4

When a Stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a Stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialised function, such as MUSCLE, a RED BLOOD cell, or a NERVE cell.

Question 5

Where does growth take place in animals

Answer 5

In animals growth occurs all over the body

Question 6

Where does growth take place in plants

Answer 6

I plants growth is restricted to meristems

Question 7

What is a meristem

Answer 7

A meristem is a group of undifferentiated plant cells which are capable of dividing repeatedly.
They produce undifferentiated plant cells which have the potential to become any type of plant cell

Question 8

What are the two main areas of which plant growth is concentrated

Answer 8

The apical meristems

The lateral meristems

Question 9

What is the apical meristems

Answer 9

They are found ah the root & shoot tips (growth in height/ length of plant)

Question 10

What is the lateral meristems

Answer 10

Growth on the girth of the stem/ branch

Question 11

What does CNS mean

Answer 11

Central nervous system

Question 12

What are neurons

Answer 12

Nerves.
Neuron is the correct name for a nerve cell.
They carry messages as electrical impulses
There are three different types of neurons

Question 13

What is the CNS made of

Answer 13

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 14

What are the three different types of neurons

Answer 14

Relay neurons
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons

Question 15

What is the job of the relay neurons

Answer 15

These carry impulses within the CNS

Question 16

What is the job of the sensory neurons

Answer 16

These carry impulses from sense organs to the CNS

Question 17

What is the job of the motor neurons

Answer 17

These carry impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands

Question 18

What is synapse

Answer 18

There is a small gap between two neurons. This is called synapse.
To be transmitted, the nerve impulse needs to get across the gap.
Chemicals called NEUROTRANSMITTERS carry the impulse across

Question 19

What is a reflex action

Answer 19

A reflex action is a rapid, involving, protective response.

Question 20

What are the uses of stem cells

Answer 20

They are used to make new cells. 
Treat burnt patients with transplants. 
Transfer messages from brain to body. 
Transport oxygen 
Embryonic stem cells used in cells 
Treat leukaemia
Treat diabetes

Question 21

How is the brain divided

Answer 21

The brain is divided into different areas, each of with has a specific function.

Question 22

What are the three key areas of a brain

Answer 22

The CEREBRUM
The CEREBRLLUM
The MEDULLA (brain stem)

Question 23

What is the function of the CEREBRUM

Answer 23

Controls conscious thought, thinking, emotions and intelligence

Question 24

What is the function of the CEREBELLUM

Answer 24

Controls muscle coordination and balance

Question 25

What is the function of the MEDULLA

Answer 25

Controls unconscious activities e.g. heart rate, breathing, peristalsis (most important organs

Question 26

What are hormones

Answer 26

They are chemical messengers. They carry messages around the body.
They are usually small molecules made by a gland. They are secreted following a suitable stimulus and transported in the blood.

Question 27

Where is insulin produced, what is it’s target organ and what is it’s function

Answer 27

Pancreas
Liver
Controls blood sugar level

Question 28

Where is glucagon produced, what is it’s target organ and what is it’s function

Answer 28

Pancreas
Liver
Changes into glucose to rise blood glucose levels

Question 29

Where is A.D.H (antidurctic hormone) produced, what is it’s target organ and what is it’s function

Answer 29

Pituitary gland (brain)
Kidneys
Retain some water in when releasing the urine

Question 30

Where is testosterone produced, what is it’s target organ and what is it’s function

Answer 30

Testes
Testes
Changes at puberty and stimulates sperm production

Question 31

Where is oestrogen produced, what is it’s target organ and what is it’s function

Answer 31

Ovary
Ovaries
Changes at puberty and helps control the menstural cycle

Question 32

What is glucose

Answer 32

Glucose is a vital fuel which can be used in the brain (cells in the brain).
Even sitting still or being active- the glucose level will drop

Question 33

What happens when there is an increase in blood glucose concentration

Answer 33

The pancreas detects change
Insulin (opposite of glucagon) is produced (GLUCOSE —> glycogen)
Blood glucose concentration decreases

Question 34

What happens when there is an decrease in blood glucose concentration

Answer 34

Pancreas detect change
Glucagon is produced ( GLYCOGEN - stored in liver- —-> glucose
Blood glucose concentration increases

Question 35

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 35

Type 1 diabetes means that a person cannot produce enough insulin. This means they have a high blood glucose level. Type 1 diabetes is treated by injecting insulin regularly throughout the day.

Question 36

What is type two diabetes

Answer 36

In people suffering from type 2 diabetes this is when the Ella no longer respond to insulting type 2 is treated using lifestyle changes.

Question 37

What are the symptoms for both diabetes

Answer 37

Symptoms for both include, damage to delicate blood vessels especially in eyes and kidneys. Polyuria is another symptom it is when the person urinates more.

Question 38

What temperature should the body be

Answer 38

Normal human body temperature is 37 decrease C.

The body tries to always stay at this temperate

Question 39

What does THERMOREGULATION mean

Answer 39

Controlling the body temperature

Question 40

What happens when we over heat

Answer 40

If the body temperature increases the skin can take the following actions to try to bring the temperate back down.

      - more sweating 
      - hairs on arms flatten 
      - Arterioles under the skin dilate so you become red (VASODILATION)

Question 41

What happens when we over cool?

Answer 41

If the body temperature decreases the skin can take the following actions to try to bring the temperature back up

• shivering
• increase of chemical reactions
• less sweating
• hairs on arms stand on end
• arteriates under the skin construct so you become pale (VASOCONSTRICTION)

Question 42

What are the involuntary changes when we over heat ?

Answer 42

Sweating.
Hairs on arms flatten
Vasodilation
Decrease in chemical reactions

Question 43

What are the involuntary changes when we over cool ?

Answer 43

Less sweat
Hairs in arm stand in end
Vasoconstriction
Shivering/increase in chemical reactions

Question 44

What are the voluntary changes when we over heat ?

Answer 44

Take off clothes
Cool drink
Shade from the heat

Question 45

What are the voluntary changes when we over cool ?

Answer 45

Put on extra clothes
Hot drink
Heart source

Question 46

What is reproduction

Answer 46

For sexual reproduction to occur an organisation must produce gametes. Gametes are another name for sex cells. A zygote is a fertilised egg