MTB Psych Flashcards
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Definition
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, short attention span, or hyperactivity that is severe enough to interfere with daily functioning in school, home, or work. The symptoms must be present for more than 6 months and usually appear before the age of 7. The symptoms may persist into adulthood.
First line in the treatment of ADHD includes
methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine. Side effects include insomnia, decreased appetite, and headache.
Psychotherapy such as cognitive therapy has been proven to be effective. The goal ofcognitive therapy is to
reduce depression by teaching patients to identify negative cognitions and develop positive ways of thinking.
Serotonin Syndrome
Common symptoms include:
- Cognitive effects: agitation, confusion, hallucinations, hypomania
- Autonomic effects: sweating, hyperthermia, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhea, shivering
- Somatic effects: tremors, myoclonus
Autistic disorder
Lacks peer relationships, poor eye contact and social smile. Absent or bizarre speech. Repetitive behaviors such
as spinning or banging head as well as self-injurious behavior.
Rett disorder
Progressive encephalopathy, microcephaly, hand- wringing, loss of speech, ataxia, and psychomotor retardation
Asperger disorder
Problems in social interaction and behaviors, but with
no language or intellectual deficits. Preoccupied with rules.
Childhood developmental disorders
Autistic disorder
Rett disorder
Asperger disorder
Dysthymia
Symptoms must be present for more than 2 years. Treatment is with antidepressant medications and psychotherapy.
In emergency situation with psychosis
olanzapine
Psychosis If non-compliance
risperidone
xxx is used when patients do not respond to an adequate trial of typical or atypical antipsychotics; never used as a first-line treatment.
Clozapine
GAD
This is a disorder in which patients experience excessive anxiety and worry about most things, lasting more than 6 months.
Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used only when:
• The overdose is acute
and
• You are certain that there is no chronic dependence
Alcoholism
• Detoxification: usually 5 to 10 days, mostly in hospital settings to assure safe detoxification
• Rehabilitation:usually28daysormore,withafocusonrelapsepreven- tion techniques
• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Narcotics Anonymous
• Pharmacologic treatments: often include disulfram (acetaldehyde dehydro-
genase inhibitor), naltrexone (opioid receptor antagonist), and acamprosate
