FARR Pulmonary

Question 1

Risk factors for DVT.

Answer 1

Stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability (Virchow’s triad).

Question 2

Criteria for exudative effusion.

Answer 2

Pleural/serum protein > 0.5; pleural/serum LDH > 0.6.

Question 3

Causes of exudative effusion.

Answer 3

Think of leaky capillaries. Malignancy, TB, bacterial or viral infection, pulmonary embolism with infarct, and pancreatitis.

Question 4

Causes of transudative effusion.

Answer 4

Think of intact capillaries. CHF, liver or kidney disease, and protein-losing enteropathy.

Question 5

Normalizing PCO2 in a patient having an asthma exacerbation may indicate?

Answer 5

Fatigue and impending respiratory failure.

Question 6

Dyspnea, lateral hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR, noncaseating granulomas, ↑ ACE, and hypercalcemia.

Answer 6

Sarcoidosis.

Question 7

PFTs showing ↓ FEV1/FVC.

Answer 7

Obstructive pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma).

Question 8

PFTs showing ↑ FEV1/FVC.

Answer 8

Restrictive pulmonary disease.

Question 9

Honeycomb pattern on CXR. Diagnosis? Treatment?

Answer 9

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care. Steroids may help.

Question 10

Treatment for SVC syndrome.

Answer 10

Radiation.

Question 11

Treatment for mild, persistent asthma.

Answer 11

Inhaled β-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids.

Question 12

Treatment for COPD exacerbation.

Answer 12

O2, bronchodilators, antibiotics, corticosteroids with taper, smoking cessation.

Question 13

Treatment for chronic COPD.

Answer 13

Smoking cessation, home O2, β-agonists, anticholinergics, systemic or inhaled corticosteroids, flu and pneumococcal vaccines.

Question 14

Acid-base disorder in pulmonary embolism.

Answer 14

Hypoxia and hypocarbia (respiratory alkalosis).

Question 15

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with hypercalcemia.

Answer 15

Squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 16

Lung cancer associated with SIADH.

Answer 16

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Question 17

Lung cancer highly related to cigarette exposure.

Answer 17

SCLC.

Question 18

A tall white male presents with acute shortness of breath. Diagnosis? Treatment?

Answer 18

Spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous regression. Supplemental O2 may be helpful.

Question 19

Treatment of tension pneumothorax.

Answer 19

Immediate needle thoracostomy.

Question 20

Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule.

Answer 20

Age > 45–50 years; lesions new or larger in comparison to old films; absence of calcification or irregular calcification; size > 2 cm; irregular margins.

Question 21

Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

Answer 21

ARDS.

Question 22

Sequelae of asbestos exposure.

Answer 22

Pulmonary fibrosis, pleural plaques, bronchogenic carcinoma (mass in lung field), mesothelioma (pleural mass).

Question 23

↑ risk of what infection with silicosis?

Answer 23

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 24

Causes of hypoxemia.

Answer 24

Right-to-left shunt, hypoventilation, low inspired O2 tension, diffusion defect, V/Q mismatch.

Question 25

Classic CXR findings for pulmonary edema.

Answer 25

Cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary vessels, Kerley B lines, “bat’s-wing” appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing.