FARR Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing’s ulcer (t ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in
sloughing ofgastric mucosa)
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal
colon
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
Aneurysm, dissecting
Hypertension
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
H. pylori
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Streptococcus pnewnoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
Benign melanocytic nevus
Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)
Brain tumor (adult)
Supratentorial : metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S., l in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
Cardiac lo tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4: l left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Cushing’s syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing’s (clue to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Death in CML
Blast crisis
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, maJor surgery
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker’s diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Glomeru lonephritis (adults)
Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
Hematoma-epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
Hematoma-subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psonasis
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis)
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
Infection 2° to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
Kidney stones
- Calcium = radiopaque
- Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
- Uric acid = radiolucent
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher’s disease
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
Metastases to liver
Colon»_space; stomach, pancreas
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Mixed (UM and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pnewnocystis jirovecii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult - 65, CML: adult
30-60
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a.1 antitrypsin deficiency)
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis ofsmall/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger’s disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Linclau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
Right heart failure clue to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
S3 (protocliastolic gallop)
increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive
cardiomyopathy)
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfectecl with gonorrhea)
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
Sites ofatherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery.
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma ofduodenum or
pancreas)
t(l4;l8)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
t(8;14)
Burkitt’slymphoma(c-myc activation)
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
Temporal arteritis
Risk ofipsilateral blindness clue to thrombosis ofophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
Type of Hodgkin’s
Nodular sclerosis (vs. m ixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
Type of non-Hodgkin’s
Diffuse large cell
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-l
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)