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Essential Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Allopurinal

Generic Indication Side effects Initiating treatment monitoring Dose pregnancy/Bfeeding hepatic renal

A
  1. xenthine oxidase inhibitor
  2. Gout
  3. gout, GI, rash +fever, agranulocytosis
  4. 2 weeks postgout, NSAID,colchi (3months),
  5. water uric acid<0.36, UnE,FBC monthly
  6. 100-300mg, start 100mg
  7. preg: avoid, BF: safe
  8. reduce
  9. reduce
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2
Q

Amytriptyline

Generic Indication Side effects Initiating treatment monitoring Dose pregnancy/Bfeeding hepatic renal

A
  1. tricyclic antidepressant
  2. depression, pain
  3. arrythmia, sedation (night), ACH, suicide, GI, sun sensitivity.
  4. CVD? (risk arrythmia), other SSRI’s?
  5. review effect?
  6. 30-200mg
  7. congenital, BF okay
  8. more sedative
  9. nil
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3
Q

Aspirin

A
  1. acetylsalicylic acid
  2. many
  3. bleeding, allergy, asthma, kidney,
  4. asthma? GI bleeding?
  5. no monitoring
  6. 75-325mg/d
  7. hemorrhage, PDA, REYE’s
  8. GI bleed
  9. renotoxic
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4
Q

bendrofluazide

A
  1. thiazide diuretic
  2. HTN etc
  3. post hypotension, diabetes, arrythmia, rash, lipid UnE, glucose, lipid
  4. UnE, glucose, lipid
  5. 2-10mg
  6. preg: bone marrow failure, BF: okay
  7. nil
  8. nil
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5
Q

Codein

A
  1. opiate
  2. pain
  3. nausea, constipation, abdo pain, sedation,
  4. constipation? Sedation? Laxatives
  5. review pain, constipation
  6. up to 300mg
  7. neonatal withdrawal
  8. accumulate
  9. reduce
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6
Q

diazepam, zopiclone, lorazepam

A
  1. Antianxiolytic/hypnotics
  2. Anxiety, Insomnia, Muscle spasm
  3. sedation, amnesia, addiction, ataxia
  4. risk of injury from sedation
  5. monitor symptomatic
  6. up to 30mg/d
  7. withdrawal, avoid BF
  8. reduce
  9. reduce
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7
Q

doxazosin, terazosin

A
  1. Alpha-blocker
  2. Prostate hypertrophy, Hypertension
  3. drowsiness, headaches and dizziness
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8
Q

diclofenac

A
  1. NSAID
  2. pain/inflammation
  3. Bleeding, peptic ulcer, renal toxic,
  4. GI bleed, renal funciton, omeprazole? renal function
  5. 75-150mg/d
  6. prolong labour, PDA close
  7. GI bleed
  8. toxic
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9
Q

digoxin

A
  1. digoxin
  2. atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and sometimes heart failure
  3. palpitation, syncope, SOB, diarhoea
  4. UnE
  5. weekly digoxin level 0.8-2ng/ml, UNE, LFT
  6. 75-150mg/d adjust dose,
  7. BF safe.
  8. …
  9. reduce
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10
Q

diltiazem

A
  1. calcium channel blockers
  2. hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia.
  3. bradycardia, palpitaitons, postural hypo, edema, rash
  4. heart failure?
  5. HR/BP
  6. 60mg TID
  7. avoid
  8. reduce
  9. start low
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11
Q

cilazapril, enalapril, quinapril

A
  1. ACE Inhibitor
  2. Hypertension, Heart failure, Diabetic nephropathy, Chronic kidney disease, Post-MI
  3. angioedema, postural hypo?, agranulocytosis
  4. peripheral vascular disease
  5. BP/creatinine/FBC
  6. 5mg-40mg/d
  7. defects, BF: neonatal hypo
  8. accumulation
  9. reduce
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12
Q

erythromycin

A
  1. Macrolide
  2. Atypical: Mycoplasma and legionellosis
  3. GI upset, jaundice, rash, palpitations
  4. OC? Finish course
  5. symptoms
  6. up to 4g/d
  7. okay
  8. hepatotoxicity
  9. max 1.65G (ototoxic)
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13
Q

ethanol

A
  1. alcohol
  2. …
  3. sedation, euphoria, aggression, depression, ataxia
  4. …
  5. serum alcohol
  6. …
  7. Fetal alcohol syndrome
  8. toxic
  9. …
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14
Q

fluoxetine

A
  1. SSRI
  2. Depression, Panic disorder
  3. GI, insomnia, suicidality, low sodium, impotence, rash
  4. other serotonin
  5. suicidality
  6. 20-60mg/d
  7. avoid
  8. reduce
  9. updose: deafness
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15
Q

frusemide

A
  1. Loop diuretics
  2. Congestive HF, oedema
  3. GI disturbance, postural hypo, rash
  4. UnE, LFT
  5. UnE, LFT
  6. up to 120mg
  7. maternal hypovolaemia, safe BF
  8. low K: encephalopathy
  9. …
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16
Q

gentamicin

A
  1. aminoglycoside antibiotic
  2. bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative organisms
  3. hearing loss, kidney, GI, rash
  4. …
  5. UNE, gent level,
  6. 3-5mg/kg daily
  7. ototoxic, nephrotoxic
  8. gent level
  9. reduce dose
17
Q

glicazide

A
  1. sulfonylurea/hypoglycemic
  2. …
  3. hypogly, GI, rash, low sodium
  4. blood sugar, weight
  5. blood sugar
  6. 40mg-320mg
  7. neonatal hypo
  8. low dose
  9. low dose
18
Q

glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide, perhexiline

A
  1. Antianginal
  2. Angina postural
  3. hypo, palpitations, headache
  4. sit down
  5. sit, 2 spray x2, ambulance.
  6. 2 spray
  7. okay, benefit:risk
19
Q

haloperidol

A
  1. typical antipsychotic/dopamine inverse agonist
  2. schizophrenia and acute psychotic states and delirium
  3. drowsy, sexual dysfunction, FAT, bradykinesia/dyskinesia, rash, NMS
  4. ECG, lipids glucose
  5. ECG, lipids, glucose.
  6. 3-10mg
  7. avoid if possible.
  8. monitor serum
  9. cerebral sensitivity
20
Q

heparin

A
  1. anticoagulant
  2. many
  3. HIT, hyperkalaemia, haemorrhage
  4. platelets, UNE
  5. APTT, platelets, UNE
  6. 0.5-5mg bid/tid
  7. okay
  8. APTT mon.
  9. APTT mon.
21
Q

insulin

A
  1. insulin
  2. diabetes
  3. hypo, fat hypertophery, hypersensitivity, rash
  4. vary sites in abdo, jelly bean,
  5. blood sugar
  6. fetal hypo
  7. reduced
  8. reduced
22
Q

propofol, lignocaine

A
  1. …
  2. Anaesthetics
  3. arrythmia, anaphylaxis, methhaemoglobin, CNS (tingling numbness, coma)
  4. …
  5. ECG?
  6. 3mg/kg+adrenaline= 7mg/kg
  7. okay
  8. increased side effects
  9. accumulation
23
Q

metformin

A
  1. biguanide
  2. diabetes
  3. gi upset, anorexia, taste disturbance, rash, lactic acidosis
  4. LFT, UnE, lactic acidosis stop dehydrated
  5. LFT, Une, blood sugar,
  6. 0.5g-2g
  7. okay
  8. caution, lactic acidosis
  9. lactic acidosis
24
Q

metoprolol

A
  1. β1 receptor blocker
  2. many
  3. bradycardia, postural hypotension, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, asthma
  4. asthma?
  5. BP, HR
  6. 100mg-400mg/d
  7. IUGR, beta blockade
  8. reduce
  9. …
25
metronidazole
1. ... 2. used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa 3. disulfram like, photosensitivity GI, taste, oral mucositis 4. alcohol intake? 5. high dose, \>10 days, FBC 2g daily(up to 6dose/d) 6. avoid 7. reduce 8. ... 9. ...
26
morphine
1. ... 2. ... 3. sedation, psychosis, addiction, GI, resp dep 4. constipation? Sedation? 5. review pain, GCS, constipation 6. 40mg/d titrate up 7. baby withdrawal 8. reduce 9. reduce
27
omeprazole
1. PPI 2. GORD/NSAIDs-induced gastric upset 3. GI, headache, gynaecomastia, interstitial nephritis, SJS 4. 30mins bfbf 5. UnE, LFT 6. up to 80mg 7. not harmful 8. \<=20mg/d 9. ...
28
paracetamol
1. ... 2. ... 3. liver damage in Overdose!, rare: rash, blood disorders, 4. other paracetamol? Avoid alcohol 5. review pain/fever 6. up to 4g/d, kids 15mg/kg q6h 7. not harmful 8. \<3g/d 9. ...
29
penicillin
1. ... 2. ... 3. anaphylaxis, diarrhoea, convulsions 4. penicillin sensitivity? 5. clinical improvement 6. up to 4g/d 7. not harmful 8. ... 9. ...
30
phenytoin
1. antiepileptic 2. .... 3. bleeding, anaphylax, leucopenia, GI, sleep, paresthesia, behaviour avoid calcium/ alcohol cose to dose. phenytoin level 24 hrly, adjust to 4-6mg/kg 15-20mg/kg, OD/BID neural tubal defects reduce
31
prednisone
1. corticosteroid 2. ... 3. fat, mood, glucose, infection, bone, 4. infections? 5. withdraw slowly, let doc know 6. 20mg- 120? 7. IUGR long term, Bf ok
32
salbutamol
1. β2-adrenergic receptor agonist 2. ... 3. palpitations, tremor, sweating, muscle cramps 4. spacer, before exercise? 5. 3 puffs, see doc. 6. PRN 7. prolong labour 8. ... 9. ...
33
simvastatin
1. HMG-CoA reductase 2. ... 3. GI, fatigue, muscle pain, rhabdomyalosis 4. LFT, lipids 5. 20mg-80mg 6. congenital, breast feeding avoid 7. monitor 8. reduce 9. ...
34
valproate
1. anticonvulsant 2. epilepsy, anorexia nervosa, panic attack, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, migraine and bipolar disorder 3. suicidality, GI, twitching, flu-like symptoms, SJS 4. start 600mg, increase 200mg /3d. 5. LFT FBC, coagulation 1st 6months 6. 1-2g/d 7. malformations! breast feeding okay. 8. avoid 9. reduce dose
35
warfarin
1. ... 2. ... 3. bleeding, GI, jaundice, skin necrosis, 4. start 2-5mg/d +hep 6d, adjust\> 12 week check. 5. INR 2-3 6. maintainenence 2-10mg 7. malformations! Haemorrhage risk 8. monitor INR 9. monitor INR

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